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建高楼不等于节约集约用地

2017-08-25 04:21:45   中国青年网

建高楼可以节约土地,是城市建设的要求,但如果这块土地本来就不该被占,或应被少占,或者应占的是相对贫瘠的土地,这样的建筑再高密度再大,还是违背了节约集约用地宗旨。要站在生态文明建设和绿色发展高度,通过促进土地利用方式转变来推动经济发展方式转变,而不是占地时毫不心疼,用地时却以减少绿地、加高楼房来实现“节俭”

建高楼就是节约集约用地吗?答案没这么简单。国家土地副总督察严之尧日前在调研农地保护问题时提出,应该把节约集约用地特别是节约用地放在重要位置,而不是盲目地把提高建筑密度、高度、容积率等同于节约集约用地。这一表态,既明确地澄清了在节约集约用地问题上较为普遍存在的片面认识,也有助于推动一些地方逐渐走出在用地方面为时已久的行为误区。

现实中,一些地方对节约集约用地存在的片面认识或者故意曲解,在城市建设中的突出表现就是,不注重优化城市内部用地结构,而是简单甚至盲目地把城市向外推展扩张。通过制订规划,以城市新区或者各类园区等名义,把周边大量土地优先纳入建设用地范围,有的占地规模达到惊人程度,且被征占土地多是优质耕地。然而,圈地过后,有的对本应有的基础设施、公共服务设施、绿地建设等却过分吝啬,甚至单纯通过提高建筑密度减少居住区应有的配套面积,降低居住舒适度、幸福感来“节约用地”。

这种片面认识的另一种表现,就是在城镇化过程中忽视对旧城镇的改造提升,不注重盘活存量土地,而是热衷建新城新镇、建新园新场。有的乡镇以集约用地为由,工业园区就有几个,同样占农地熟地的多,用废地贫地的少,有的还把工业园区与居住区规划在一起。园区内一些企业生产用地少,辅助用地多,有的片面追求花园式厂区占大片土地,而对园区旁的居住小区却不必要地“抠门”,应有的生态生活用地也被压减。

在新农村建设中,这种认识误区同样存在。一些地方通过村庄兼并、“四荒地”整治等方法,整理出不少现实用地和土地指标,但在兴建新的居住社区和各种园区时,却另辟农地,且常常是平地、熟地、好地,整治出来的土地则用来复垦、复耕,而这些地块要恢复地力少则三五年、多则七八年。结果农民居住的楼房越来越高、越来越不方便,原有的水村山郭、乡愁乡景消失殆尽。

节约集约用地是在经济社会新形势下提出的发展要求,不能简单机械地把它理解为只是城市建筑、房地产建设或者园区建设的一种具体设计。的确,建高楼可以节约土地,这也是城市建设的要求,但如果这块土地本来就不该被占,或者应被少占,或者应占的是相对贫瘠的土地,这样的建筑再高密度再大,还是违背了节约集约用地宗旨。

理念是行动的先导。在经济发展新常态下提倡节约集约用地,既是落实五大发展理念的需要,也是保护土地资源的实质性举措。以这一要求来对照检验节约集约用地行为,就要站在生态文明建设和绿色发展高度,通过促进土地利用方式转变来推动经济发展方式转变,而不是占地时毫不心疼,用地时却以减少绿地、加高楼房来实现“节俭”。

当前,要紧的是科学做好土地规划,规范土地利用次序。以耕地占补平衡为例,重点应在少占、不占好地,以及防止占优补劣、占多补少等方面,而不只是在降低居住质量的建筑密度上做文章。按照推进绿色生态文明建设的发展理念,必须严格遵循严控增量、盘活存量、优化结构、提高效率的用地总要求,不能占的坚决不能占,能少占的必须少占,而不能减的也绝不能减。

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