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中国15岁以上吸烟人数仍在增长 专家呼吁加快控烟步伐

2017-08-24 16:01:38   国际在线

国际在线报道(记者 乔全兴):近日,新探健康发展研究中心、中国控烟协会、北京市控烟协会等37家单位联名发布了4条控烟共识及9大控烟挑战。专家指出,中国的烟草消费量占世界烟草消费总量的44%,每年因使用烟草而导致的死亡人数超过100万人,呼吁中国加速控烟履约进程,以实现“到2030年15岁以上人群吸烟率低于20%的目标”。

“一天吸一盒多,上瘾,不上瘾早不吸了。上大学之后(学会的),都吸你不吸么。”

“我有时候一天一根也不吸,有时候喝酒的时候吸一两根。”

作为世界上最大的烟草生产国和消费国,中国有3亿多烟民,超过半数成年男性吸烟。医学研究表明,吸烟可导致心脑血管疾病、癌症等多种疾病,已成为继高血压之后的全球第二号杀手。中国控制吸烟协会副会长、首都医科大学肺癌诊疗中心主任支修益在宣读专家共识时说:“中国的烟草消费量占世界烟草消费总量的44%,吸烟率居高不下,每年因使用烟草而导致的死亡超过100万人。这不是耸人听闻,而是确凿的事实。”

烟草危害是全球最严重的公共卫生问题之一。中国于2003年签署世界卫生组织《烟草控制框架公约》,2006年公约在中国正式生效。截至目前,北京、上海、杭州、深圳等十多个城市通过了无烟立法,覆盖了中国总人口的十分之一。

而根据《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》,到2030年,15岁以上人群吸烟率要降低到20%。支修益说,为了实现这一目标,应加快控烟履约进程,“回顾中国控烟历程,虽然取得了一些重要进展,但是与《公约》要求和国际控烟形势相比,与《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》的控烟目标相比,步伐仍显迟缓,控烟措施落实不力。如不加快控烟进程,中国将继续为烟草流行造成的健康、经济和社会损失,付出日益沉重、甚至是无法承受的代价。”

专家表示,虽然现行《广告法》已明确禁止烟草广告,但烟草行业仍想方设法,通过网络和烟草零售点向消费者发布,或变相发布烟草广告。对此,支修益说:“针对烟草业的‘擦边球’,立法和执法监管机关应制定相应的实施细则,加大对烟草广告的监管和执法力度,鼓励和动员社会监督。需明确在所有的公共场所和大众媒介包括烟草销售点和网络媒体禁止烟草广告,推销烟草;禁止烟草业以企业社会责任或慈善名义的赞助活动,特别是针对女性、儿童和青少年的烟草促销和赞助活动,应严格控制影视中的变相烟草广告,大力倡导无烟影视。”

2015年《中国成人烟草调查报告》数据显示,中国15岁及以上成人吸烟率为27.7%,与2010年数据持平,而吸烟人数却增长了1500万,达到3.15亿。对此,专家表示,要对青少年进行控烟教育,使他们远离烟草。新探健康研究发展中心副主任吴宜群说:“我觉得很重要的有一条就是不要有新的吸烟者,也就是这些孩子,这些学生包括小学、中学、职业高中,也包括大学生。我特别赞成进学校宣传控烟,就是这些孩子到2030年的时候,他们就是成人了,他们绝对不能走进吸烟的行列。所以从小就让他们知道,吸烟这个东西是不能碰的。”

吴宜群说,控烟是一项重要的健康工程,需要政府主导和民众参与,需要社会共治和资源投入。

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