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骨髓纤维化 凶险的健康杀手

2017-08-23 07:47:42   中国青年网

“骨髓纤维化的典型症状是脾肿大,我有一个骨髓纤维化病人,一直没有规范地治疗,现在脾肿大到充满整个腹腔,几乎没法进食,晚上睡觉都不能平躺,只能坐着睡,作为医生,我们看着都觉得心疼。病人太痛苦了!”山西医科大学第二医院血液科主任杨林花强调,除了脾肿大,如果发现无原因的疲劳乏力、体重减轻、盗汗、皮肤瘙痒、全身性骨痛,或者体检中发现血常规异常,希望公众一定要尽早去医院血液科咨询,听从血液科医生的建议进行复查,排除骨髓纤维化或其他血液病的可能性。特别是年纪在50岁以上的中老年人,一但出现长期疲劳乏力等症状时,不要以为是上了年纪的常规现象,而应该尽早到医院去检查和咨询。

杨林花介绍,骨髓纤维化是一种少见血液肿瘤。国外相关数据显示,其发病率为0.4-0.6/10万,男性患者略高于女性患者,高发于50岁以上的中老年人群。中国目前缺乏流行病学数据,但从山大二院血液科门诊来看,每个月总会遇到几例骨髓纤维化患者,依据人口学资料推测,我省可能有上千名患者。

骨髓纤维化分为原发和继发两种,原发性骨髓纤维化的发病原因尚不清楚,发病隐匿,很难预防。目前已知的有几种基因突变所致。继发性骨髓纤维化是由于其他疾病引起,如白血病等所致,继发性病症需要按照原发病的治疗方案进行治疗。杨林花认为,原发骨髓纤维化有两个显著特征,一是疾病进展缓慢,病程很长,有些患者跟病魔斗争十几年,到后期丧失工作能力,生活质量受到极大影响。二是该病比较凶险,恶性程度较高,10年的白血病转化率达到20%,患者整体生存期平均仅有5.7年左右。

骨髓纤维化虽然无法预防,但可以做到“早诊断,早治疗”,而且越早治疗患者获益越大,如果骨髓纤维化发展到晚期很难恢复。“过去骨髓纤维化没有特效药,病人来就诊,我们也没有太好的办法。现在不同了,我们终于等到了芦可替尼在中国的上市。”提到诺华近期在中国上市的捷恪卫(芦可替尼),杨林花很欣慰,它是一种强效、高选择性的JAK1/2抑制剂,是针对骨髓纤维化的发病机制,下调JAK-STAT信号通路,达到靶向治疗的目的。骨髓纤维化的短期治疗目标是缩小脾脏,降低疾病负荷,改善生活质量;长期治疗目标是稳定或改善骨髓纤维化进程,延长生存时间。

“希望随着芦可替尼的上市,未来能把骨髓纤维化作为一种‘慢性病’进行终身控制和管理。”杨林花建议,公众如果发现有骨髓纤维化疑似早期症状并且长期未改善时,应尽早到血液科进行详细检查,千万别因轻忽症状而错过最佳治疗时间。

王智斗

(感谢诺华对本文相关数据的提供)

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