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张扬影视艺术的个性魅力

2017-08-23 07:32:11   中国青年网

本报特约撰稿人 焦炳琨

20年来,由于工作关系,我先后审看了两千多部(集)影视剧和脚本,不但大开眼界,也学到了不少东西。现把这些心得写下来,以期与我省的影视同行交流、共享。

(一)电影是寻求不同的艺术,要坚持求新和反思的创作理念和创作冲动。

我所讲的不同,不仅是故事的不同、人物的不同,更是理念的不同、境界的不同、感悟的不同。有一部美国电影讲述的是:一对夫妇非常相爱,并有了一双儿女,然而有一次妻子发现丈夫有了外遇,这使她非常吃惊,一方面劝导丈夫,一方面对丈夫更加体贴,她相信有一天她会用爱唤回丈夫。一年后第三者离开,丈夫回到了她身边。然而就在他们全家重获团圆的第二天,妻子跳楼自杀了。尽管她付出了那么多,但她已不再相信爱情。

中外有不少写爱情的剧作,但内容各异,没有一部与之相同。

我认为,电影应有不同的故事、不同的人物、不同的理念,观众看完电影后,能带着回味、带着思考离开。

(二)电影是表现过程的艺术,意境和哲理应是创作者的最高追求。

有的电影剧本罗列一大堆事件,以为这就是“表现过程”。其实,表现过程,不是表现事件的过程,而是表现在处理事件中人与人之间的心灵碰撞与挣扎的过程。我看过一部写捞尸人的影片,讲的是捞尸人的儿子找了个女友,却无钱付彩礼,只好外出打工。几年后,儿子把钱挣够,回到村子时,女友已嫁人。有一天捞尸人路过河边,发现抢走他儿媳的小伙子醉倒在河边,顿生歹念,趁河边无人把小伙子推下了河。可事情做完后他又后悔不迭,回到家便自杀身亡。故事很好,但显然把过程简单化了,也把人物简单化了。我建议他作如下修改:

捞尸人看到小伙醉倒后,怕他掉进河里,想把他送回家,可怎么也背不动,他便去通知小伙的家人,可门锁着,他无奈只好回家。躺在炕上却睡不着,他决定叫醒儿子一起把小伙背回来。把儿子叫醒后,他又变了卦。第二天早上他赶到河边时,小伙早已冻死多时。他受到良心的谴责,回到家便自杀身亡。

故事情节应一层层展开,让观众看到主人公的心理变化过程。

(三)电影是表现深度的艺术,要真实地表现出创作者对世界的思考。

故事对一部电影来说非常重要,因此有“故事为王”之说,但仅仅有故事还不够,一定要让观众从中有感悟、有回味、有启发。作家贾平凹写过一篇小说,讲的是一位老工人抓到了一只小鸟,便关进了笼子里,好吃好喝地供应着。小鸟在广阔天地自由惯了,不习惯笼中的生活,它拼命地挣扎,碰得遍体鳞伤,却无济于事。有一天老工人喂完食忘关笼门,小鸟终于飞了出去。如果只讲这样一个故事,又有谁愿意看呢,可作家又继续写道:一个月后,小鸟又自动飞回了笼子,使本来平淡的故事一下就有了亮点,有了深度。

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