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黑臭水体根源在岸上 核心在管网 关键在排口
2017-08-23 06:42:19 中国青年网
“‘成都治水十条’提出强化生态用水治理,到2022年,全市黑臭水体总体得到消除。从目前工作来看,成都在黑臭水体治理上下了很大功夫。”四川省“千人计划”特聘专家、成都理工大学教授蒲生彦介绍,水体黑臭是一种生物化学现象,当水体遭受严重有机污染时,有机物的好氧分解使水体中耗氧速率大于复氧速率,造成水体缺氧,致使有机物降解不完全、速度减缓,厌氧生物降解过程生成硫化氢、氨气、硫醇等发臭物质,同时形成硫化亚铁、硫化锰等黑色物质,使水体变“黑”。对于城乡居民来说,大家看得见、闻得着、感受最为直观的受污染水体就是城市的黑臭水体。
“水体黑臭的根本原因是污染量超过水体的自净能力。”蒲生彦表示,从成因来说,黑臭在水里,根源在岸上,核心在管网,关键在排口。造成城市黑臭水体污染的原因主要有以下4个:
1、点源污染:排放口直排污废水,合流制管道雨季溢流,分流制雨水管道初期雨水或旱流水、非常规水源补水等;
2、面源污染:城乡结合部地区分散式网状畜禽养殖废水的污染等;
3、内源污染:底泥污染、生物体污染,漂浮物、悬浮物、岸边垃圾,未清理的水生植物,水华藻类等;
4、其他污染:城镇污水厂尾水超标、工业企业事故排放、秋季落叶腐烂产生的腐殖质等。
目前,针对城市黑臭水体的治理技术主要包括生物修复技术、物理修复技术和化学修复技术等。
成都晚报见习记者 叶飞鸿
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