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美国决定对阿富汗增兵 其目的可能是“以打促谈”

2017-08-22 15:55:29   国际在线

特朗普和美国国防部长马蒂斯

国际在线报道(记者 黎萌):在特朗总统普宣布了对阿富汗的新战略后,美国国防部长马蒂斯已随后宣布,将向阿富汗增兵,数量为3900名。“我已指示参谋长联席会议主席为执行总统的(阿富汗)策略进行筹备。”马蒂斯还透露,他同北约秘书长和美国的几个盟友进行磋商,其中一些盟友已承诺会增加驻军。

据美国媒体报道,特朗普当地21日晚在弗吉尼亚州阿林顿迈尔堡军事基地发表了30分钟措辞强硬的全国讲话,说他本希望从阿富汗撤军,但不得不服从现实。特朗普阐述了继续参与南亚事务的必要性以及为此制定的南亚新战略。特朗普说,

从今以后,美军对胜利将有明确的定义,那就是击败恐怖组织,保护美国利益。

军事观察员魏东旭为此接受国际在线采访时指出,最近一段时间,阿富汗的安全局势持续恶化,就连首都喀布尔都成了恐怖袭击的重灾区。5月31日,在喀布尔发生的爆炸袭击事件,造成超过150人身亡。同时,阿富汗军警不断遭到塔利班、“伊斯兰国”极端组织的袭扰,作战能力和士气被大幅削弱。如果放任各种极端组织、恐怖团伙继续嚣张坐大,那么就有可能直接影响到阿富汗民众对现政府的信心,进而对挑起战争的美国也会更加不满。所以,特朗普向阿富汗增兵,一方面是为了帮助阿富汗政府反恐、平叛、巩固政权。另外一方面,是也想在最危急的时刻去争取阿富汗的民心。

阿富汗战争爆发距今已16年,而塔利班现在控制了比2001年更多的土地,基地组织也还继续在阿富汗开展业务。目前,在阿富汗境内部署有8400名美军以及5000人的北约部队。魏东旭称,然而,有些北约成员国不愿让本国士兵冒险,所以他们都是在相对安全的任务区驻防。想要遏制塔利班、“伊斯兰国”极端组织的攻势和袭扰,美军必须自己冲锋陷阵,这就需要部署大量的地面作战部队,在城市中巡逻、在山区里围剿,这也意味着更多的伤亡。

魏东旭认为,特朗普决定增兵4000人,绝对不是在阿富汗全境平摊兵力,而是有针对性的“重点进攻”和“重点防御”。可以预见,在马蒂斯主导的“新版阿富汗作战计划”中,赫尔曼德省将成为“重点进攻”的主要区域。目前,在赫尔曼德省14个区中,10个区被塔利班有效控制或占据,阿富汗政府完全掌控的区域只有两个。2016年,该省各类武装冲突共造成891名平民伤亡,这一数字在阿全国仅次于首都喀布尔。同年,赫尔曼德省内有约3万名民众试图逃离战火,多数人选择前往该省首府拉什卡尔加寻求庇护。一旦赫尔曼德省的安全形势继续恶化,就会沦陷为非法武装的大本营。所以,已有300名美国海军陆战队员重返该区域作战。后续,五角大楼可能会继续向赫尔曼德省增兵,并组织大范围的反攻和围剿。而“重点防御”主要是针对喀布尔,一部分增援的美军会协助阿富汗军警守护政府机关、机场、兵营等重要目标。

美国《外交》杂志网站此前刊文称,特朗普政府的增兵措施可能令塔利班的增长势头略有减缓,但对于推动阿富汗和平进程并无益处。相反,根据经验,驻军规模的扩大会使当地局势变得更糟。自2003年以来,美军每一次重要的扩军行动,都会引发更剧烈的报复,带来更多的平民伤亡。

美国媒体报道,特朗普在21日的讲话中说,他不排除美国与塔利班达成和平协议的可能性,但他不能确定这种协议能不能达成。在与特朗普讲话同时发布的一则声明中,美国国务卿蒂勒森就美国与塔利班展开谈判的可能性作了详细阐述。蒂勒森说,塔利班有一条实现和平与政治合法性的道路,那就是通过谈判达成政治和解从而结束战争。他表示,美国随时准备在不预先设置条件的情况下支持阿富汗政府与塔利班进行和平谈判。

对此,魏东旭对国际在线表示,美国要想解决阿富汗的安全问题,仅仅增兵3900人是不够的。特朗普此番的策略可能就会是“以打促谈”,即一旦壮大后的驻阿美军取得战绩,美方配合阿富汗政府与塔利班谈判的可能性就会大增。

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