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文化七日谈 苦难生命的自我发声
2017-08-22 08:38:06 中国青年网
今年的世界慰安妇纪念日,也就是8月14日,“慰安妇”题材的纪录片《二十二》在院线上映。“二十二”是指拍摄这部片子时我国健在的“慰安妇”数量,那是2014年; 而日本侵华期间的数量是20万。片子上映后引起关注,票房远超预期,被媒体称为现象级事件。对这样一部充满人性关怀的纪录片,键盘侠或“捧”或“喷”,十分活跃。
我也心存疑问:把摄像机对准那些伤痕累累的受害者,她们的生活被镜头入侵,她们的隐私被他者窥探,对于她们,这是不是二次伤害?这涉及影像伦理问题,情感绑架和道德消费是这类影片的大忌。为解疑问,我才走进影院看这部片子。
片子拍得很讲究,它只讲述她们现在的生活,记录她们进入镜头时的状态,至于她们在当年和后来经历的苦难,老人愿意讲就讲,愿意讲多少就讲多少,不愿意讲那就记录她们的沉默。片中受访的老人,多数是沉默的,我们听不到说话声,但从她们那或沉静或隐忍的脸上,分明听到了她们的心声,那是生命最深处的声音。沉默也是一种诉说,而且是更有力的诉说,委屈、愤怒、自尊、抗争,许许多多,都在那沉默中。坦率地讲,片子所做的记录能见度极低,记录当事人的话只言片语,记录当事人的故事断断续续,但是我们在直面老人那凄楚、枯黑、布满皱纹的脸时,却真真切切地感觉到,她们的一生全在脸上。而且我惊奇地发现,那些进入镜头的老人的脸庞,几乎都透射出一种超乎寻常的气色,或安静,或忍痛,或悲愤,或坚毅,那是岁月锤炼出的。从这个角度看,这部片子的能见度极强,强到让观者震撼。苦难生命的自我发声,唤醒观者心底沉睡的生命感。走出影院时,我对那些老人不只是同情,而更多的是敬意。她们负荷长行几十年,活下来了,尽管晚景孤独凄苦,但她们没有让生命萎缩沉沦,始终维护着活着的尊严。对一个人,没有比生命尊严更尊贵的了。
片子放映过程中,银幕上静静的,没有刀光剑影,没有震耳欲聋的枪炮声;观众席里也是静静的,没人说话,没人走动,更没有零食的咀嚼声,人人屏息,生怕不小心弄出响动,任何一丝响动都是对银幕上老人的最大不敬。那一刻,我对进到影院看这部片子的人同样充满敬意。他们自掏腰包来看这样的电影,不是要享受什么视听盛宴,不是好奇要窥视什么,而是基于一种人性关怀,来体验生命的沉重。这部片子的历史顾问、中国“慰安妇”问题研究中心主任苏智良,对片子在商业片主导的院线受到关注感到欣慰,他说:“这样的关注度,表明了社会的成长。”
□洪兆惠
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