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想生健康宝宝 孕前健康检查少不了

2017-08-22 05:56:54   中国青年网

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中国是人口大国,也是出生缺陷高发的国家。有资料显示,全国每年新增出生缺陷约100万例,平均每天2800个,也就是说每40秒就有1个出生缺陷儿童出生。这些儿童中除20%-30%经早期诊断和治疗可以获得较满意的生活质量外,约30%-40%在出生后死亡,约40%致残,“事实证明,对于预防出生缺陷,孕前优生健康检查是关键一环。”山西省中西医结合医院妇科主任高素云说。

A 预防出生缺陷

高素云介绍,所谓出生缺陷,是由于遗传因素、环境因素(致畸源)或两者共同作用于孕前或孕期,引起胚胎或胎儿在发育过程中发生的解剖学结构和功能上的异常。前面说了那么多出生缺陷的危害,那么该如何预防呢?

“出生缺陷的特点是病种多,病因复杂,绝大多数是环境与遗传相互作用的结果。发病原因不明,与社会经济发展水平有明显的关系。”高素云解释,单一的干预措施,难以达到降低人群出生缺陷发生率、提高出生人口健康素质的目的。面对这种严峻的形势,中国国家卫生计生委表示将采取三级预防措施,有针对性地降低出生缺陷的发生。

一级预防,消除病因、预防发生,预防出生缺陷发生率。

二级预防,孕期早检出、避免出生,降低出生缺陷出生率。

三级预防,新生儿期早发现、早治疗,降低致残率。

出生缺陷一级预防措施很多,比如增补叶酸片、接种风疹疫苗、食盐加碘、严格控制孕期用药、早期发现和治疗糖尿病等疾病、妇女保健避免孕期接触有害物质、避免近亲结婚生育和大龄计划生育指导,避免生育。

B 孕前健康检查到底有多重要

结婚三年的王女士,本知道准备怀孕时最好去做“孕前检查”,可是当她听说其中包括妇科检查时,就不想去了,“算了吧,不就是怀孕嘛,用不着那么小题大做,检查没什么必要。”后来,她怀孕了,十月怀胎,有苦有乐。她多希望能与宝宝尽快见面,体会做新妈咪的喜悦。然而,在怀孕期间,大意的王女士竟然将常规的产前检查也忽略掉了。而老公远在外地工作,也不曾提醒过她。

就要生产了,老公特意请了假陪王女士去医院。不料,入院检查,医生说她患有乙肝,检查结果HBsAg、anti-HBc、anti-HBe均为阳性,并建议宝宝出生后6小时内注射乙肝高效免疫球蛋白,以后再分阶段注射乙肝疫苗。因为乙型肝炎病毒是目前公认的、在围产期母婴传播率最高的病毒,若宝宝被传染后,便成为病毒携带者,今后患肝炎的几率便会增高。

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