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抓住青少年的心, 博物馆“活起来”

2017-08-22 05:21:55   中国青年网

【心直口快】

博物馆如何“让文物活起来”,进而让博物馆“活起来”?这是近几年博物馆界都在思考和探索的课题。

博物馆的价值在于其容纳的知识和氛围,而能让博物馆的价值得以体现,让博物馆真正“活”起来的,是人。在众多人群中,决定着未来文化和科学发展走向的,是青少年。因此,笔者认为,博物馆应该放下身段,俯下身子,聆听青少年群体的需求,寻找适合他们的方式,用清新活泼,充满活力、亲和力的表达“抓住”他们,这不失为博物馆“活起来”的一种有效途径。

用与时俱进的时代表达抓住他们的心

如今的青少年,越来越有独立的思想品格,他们要用自己的方式去认识世界,理解世界。因此,博物馆应为青少年量身打造一些创意展览,用青少年习惯的语言,讲述他们关注和渴求的内容,使展板上的文字不只是对文物和历史的刻板讲述,而是成为促进年轻观众学习和思考的指南针;用青少年喜欢的形式,表现展品内在的魅力和价值,使他们认识到展品所承载的文化和科学内涵。

七月,故宫博物院举办的“我的家在紫禁城”展览,以及首都博物馆举办的“读城——发现四合院之美”展览,可谓是成功的案例。庄重的紫禁城和严肃的四合院不失风度地过了一把“卖萌瘾”,以活泼可爱的文字、趣味盎然的创意活动,吸引了大批青少年进入展厅,去了解文物背后的故事。

也有的博物馆组织了一些活动,特别是暑期里的夏令营,受到了孩子们的欢迎。比如国家博物馆举办的“认知中华优秀传统文化夏令营”等系列活动,让青少年去展厅看文物、听讲解、感受氛围,通过自己的思考形成对传统文化的见解;在北京自然博物馆开设的“植物星球”兴趣班,孩子们可以自己动手实验、参观展品,了解植物生长过程、生物多样性和人与自然关系等知识,探索科学海洋神奇而深邃的奥秘。

青少年不只是博物馆的观众,更是文化和科学的传承与发展者。他们的参与,使博物馆的存在更具意义。

除了展览和活动,很多博物馆还为中小学生提供了做志愿讲解员的机会。比如,北京汽车博物馆的“小小讲解员”活动和中国科学技术馆的“小小志愿者”等项目,让孩子们在接受专业讲解员培训的过程中,不仅能认知和理解中华文明和科学知识,还要用自己的话讲出来,最终加入自己的思考、形成自己的见解。这样的过程对孩子们是一种挑战,却能让他们在历练中,在强烈的氛围中爱上传统文化、爱上科学、爱走进博物馆;而博物馆在这一过程中,也以一种轻松活泼却更有效果的方式实现了文化的传播和教育。

别让“知识”挡住他们踏进博物馆的脚步

如今的博物馆,正在打破传统的传播方式,努力让形式更加灵动。但实际操作中,作为知识的传播者,博物馆还要转变一种不良心态:

博物馆蕴藏的知识广博而深奥,于是我们总有一种观点:参观博物馆一定要学到知识、记住“干货”才算没有白去,否则只是走马观花,就是在浪费时间和精力。这样的观点无疑给青少年造成了无形的压力,抑制着他们走进博物馆的热情,挡住了他们踏进博物馆的脚步。

客观来讲,参观一次博物馆、浏览一场展览的确很难记住很多内容,但这并不意味着白来了,因为可能收获了更重要的内容:在博物馆感受了文化和科学的浓郁氛围,见到了日常生活中看不到的藏品,体验了日常生活少有的与藏品之间进行的思维碰撞……这种潜移默化的文化感染与熏陶,远比简单地记住几个知识点更为重要,这才是我们提倡走进博物馆的要义所在。让青少年用一种轻松的心态走近博物馆、走进博物馆,才能最终让他们爱上博物馆。

(侯同佳)

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