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韩美军演再让半岛神经紧绷(望海楼)

2017-08-22 04:06:35   中国青年网

8月21日,韩美两国军队联合举行代号为“乙支自由卫士”的年度军演。演习为期11天,5万名韩军和1.75万名美军参演。据报道,此次演习将依据韩美“作战计划5015”展开,内容包括在朝鲜半岛出现紧急情况下,韩美将先发制人攻击朝鲜核武及导弹设施等行动。

近日,剑拔弩张的朝鲜半岛形势出现了一点缓和迹象,美朝之间言语“互怼”刚刚开始降温。然而就在此时,韩美“乙支自由卫士”联合军演让半岛局势又紧张起来。这表明,朝核问题并没有实质性降温,朝鲜半岛“八月危机”会否升级,令人关注。

尽管韩国一再为此次演习降温,但美国的表态并非如此。韩国总统文在寅表示,本次军演是防御性质的例行演习,绝无加剧朝鲜半岛紧张局势之意;韩国《中央日报》等媒体甚至分析,美军今年减少参演人数,意在防止朝鲜半岛紧张局势进一步升级。然而,美国国防部长马蒂斯表示,此次美军参演人数有所减少并非朝鲜半岛局势所致,而是因为今年军演重点是演练作战指挥和控制,无需过多人数参演。可见,美方的强硬态度依然没有发生根本变化。

在当前朝鲜半岛局势高度敏感复杂的情况下,韩美坚持举行大规模联合军演,无疑将进一步引发外界对朝鲜半岛局势走向的担忧。自1953年朝鲜半岛停战以来,韩美两国军队每年都要举行大规模联合军演,包括春季的“关键决断”“秃鹫”联合军演和夏季的“乙支自由卫士”演习。朝鲜对韩美联合军演表示强烈不满,一直视其为敌视朝鲜的威胁性举动。8月20日,朝鲜劳动党机关报《劳动新闻》发表评论,强烈谴责韩美军演给朝鲜半岛局势“火上浇油”,加剧紧张气氛。

当前情况下,中国提出的“双暂停”倡议是最为合情合理、客观公正和现实可行的方案。有关各方应该认真考虑。维护朝鲜半岛和平稳定,符合有关各方共同利益,是各方共同责任,朝、美、韩等半岛直接当事方应该做出更多的努力。

就韩国而言,韩国文在寅政府近日明确表达了韩国立场,重申通过外交努力和平解决问题的原则,“将不吝一切代价阻止战争发作”,“未经大韩民国同意,任何一方都无权采纳军事动作”。这一表态有助于维护半岛的和平,值得肯定。

然而,作为半岛核问题主要当事方之一,虽然美国国务卿蒂勒森和国防部长马蒂斯近期也表示,外交解决仍然是美国的首选方案;然而,只有表态还远远不够。

半岛问题的核心和本质是安全问题,只有通过对话,妥善解决有关各方的合理安全关切,才能真正打开和平解决半岛核问题的大门。美方应看到,一味对朝施压、示强、制裁、拒绝对话,只会强化朝鲜“拥核自保”的决心。当然,朝鲜也须认识到,实现朝鲜半岛无核化,符合包括朝鲜在内的有关各方的利益。

当前,解决半岛问题,实现半岛无核化和半岛的长治久安,需要有关各方全面完整地执行安理会有关决议,多做真正有利于缓解紧张局势、有利于通过和谈来妥善解决半岛核问题的建设性行动,而不是做火上浇油的事。

(作者为海军军事学术研究所研究员)

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