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世界最美的大熊猫

2017-08-21 08:31:40   中国青年网

棕色大熊猫“七仔”。 何鑫摄

赵建强摄

赵建强摄

本报记者 刘锦

1 世界最美 “国宝中的美人”惹人爱

作为“秦岭四宝”的秦岭亚种野生大熊猫,丰腴富态、头圆尾短,腹毛略呈棕色。与四川大熊猫相比,秦岭大熊猫形态上有着明显的差异:四川亚种头长近似熊,秦岭亚种头圆更像猫,看上去更漂亮,更憨态可掬,被誉为“国宝中的美人”。

虽然秦岭大熊猫的发现比四川大熊猫晚了近百年,但秦岭大熊猫的发现被称为中国动物学上的里程碑。专家认为,从某种角度来说,秦岭大熊猫在学术上的影响力已经超过了四川大熊猫。2005年提出秦岭亚种概念的浙江大学方盛国教授,1996年就来到秦岭佛坪进行研究调查,通过对秦岭和四川六大山系的大熊猫进行DNA图谱、微卫星以及遗传基因和形态学分析,证明秦岭大熊猫遗传多样性系数较高。专家认为,与国内其他山系的大熊猫种群相比,秦岭大熊猫是一个更古老和原始的新亚种种群,在遗传多样性上更具有研究价值。

秦岭大熊猫栖息地分布纬度最高。秦岭野生大熊猫主要集中分布在秦岭中段南坡,在北坡及西段有少量分布。分布范围东起宁陕县太山庙乡,西至宁强县青木川镇,南起宁强县青木川镇,北至周至县厚畛子镇,涵盖汉中、安康、宝鸡、西安4个市的城固、佛坪、留坝、宁强、洋县、宁陕、太白、周至8个县23个乡镇。

秦岭大熊猫野外种群密度居全国首位。目前大熊猫种群数量为345只,种群密度为每平方千米0.10只。按大熊猫分布的六大山系比较,秦岭大熊猫的密度是最高的;以省为单位,陕西的密度也是第一。秦岭大熊猫种群数量最多的前三个县分别是太白县、佛坪县、洋县,共258只;大熊猫种群密度最高的前三个县分别是洋县、佛坪县、太白县,平均密度每平方千米0.13只。

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