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水下隧道穿江越海铺坦途

2017-08-21 06:21:28   中国青年网

建设者为武汉地铁8号线长江隧道量身定制的盾构机。 于景信摄

8月9日,武汉地铁8号线长江隧道贯通。这是国内最大单洞双线地铁隧道。预计年底通车后,乘坐地铁只要4分钟就可轻松跨越长江。

继武汉长江公路隧道、武汉地铁2号线、4号线长江隧道后,这是武汉第4次以隧道方式穿越长江。

中国工程院院士钱七虎说,“19世纪是桥的世纪,20世纪是高层建筑的世纪,进入21世纪,为了节约能源、保护环境,人类必须大量利用地下空间,因此,21世纪对人类来说是地下空间的世纪”。水下隧道建设技术被称为地下空间开发结构工程技术的关键技术。通过我国隧道工程技术人员长期努力奋斗,尤其是近5年来,在多项世界首创水下隧道的工程实践中,我国水下隧道的设计、施工技术与管理,逐步走到世界的先进行列。

创新成就“国内之最”

武汉地铁8号线长江隧道创新采用单洞双线的设计,可以容纳两列列车同时通过,成为我国最大直径的地铁隧道

走在直径12米多、4层楼高的武汉地铁8号线长江隧道内,宛如步行在一座宫殿里。

“武汉地铁8号线长江隧道中,开往武昌和开往汉口的地铁都在一个隧道的两条线路上行驶,我们称之为‘单洞双线’。这也是这个地铁长江隧道与其他地铁长江隧道的不同之处。”中国铁建铁四院武汉地铁8号线长江隧道设计负责人吕延豪介绍,由于要容纳两列列车同时通过,所以也成就了这个隧道成为我国最大直径的地铁隧道。

采用单洞双线的创新设计有很多好处。吕延豪说,采用单洞双线,可充分利用隧道内空间,设置专用风道满足通风要求,保证行车密度,满足远期最小发车间隔2分钟的服务要求以及防灾要求。同时,无需在地面建筑风井,可以最大限度保护该线路所经地区的文物和老建筑。此外,单洞双线只需要一台盾构机,一次性将双侧地铁列车隧道打通,减少一条隧道的挖掘,降低了施工风险。

穿越长江,地质复杂,对施工要求极高。中铁十四局集团武汉地铁8号线长江隧道施工负责人张哲介绍,隧道施工中要穿越1365米强透水、上软下硬的复合地层,中等胶结砾岩硬度高达40多兆帕,对刀具造成严重磨损和破坏,同时强风化泥质胶结黏土层黏结刀盘,给盾构掘进造成巨大阻力,是当前穿越长江隧道施工遇到的世界级难题。

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