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同业收缩倒逼中小银行转型
2017-08-21 06:11:37 中国青年网
上周末,中国银监会通报了近期重点工作。银监会审慎规制局局长肖远企表示,银行同业资产和负债双双收缩,为2010年以来首次。数据显示,今年二季度末,同业资产和负债均比年初减少1.8万亿元,同业资产和同业负债增速分别是-5.6%和-2.3%。
商业银行同业业务最初仅限于商业银行之间的拆借,以调剂短期流动性余缺,这是“同业”概念的本源。然而,从2010年以来,同业业务逐渐发生了质变,演变成商业银行利用同业拆入资金或吸收理财资金,扩大各种表外资产的工具,除了传统的同业存放、同业拆借、同业票据转贴现,又衍生出同业代付、同业偿付、买入返售等各种“创新”,其作用也从调剂资金余缺变成了掩护信贷资产出表。各银行借此变相规避监管资本要求、拨备计提、绕开存贷比红线,让银行资金通过信托、证券资管等渠道流向房地产等受限行业,以谋取高利润。
由于同业业务中银行间形成的债务关系盘根交错,横跨货币、资本、产业三大市场,一旦房地产市场逆转,会导致银行资金坏账风险,并通过同业链条交叉传染。为了防止风险进一步扩散,今年3月份以来银监会密集下发监管文件,开出众多罚单,组织开展了专项治理。
值得关注的是,随着同业规模收缩,中小银行将面临更大的资金压力。在同业游戏里,由于吸储能力存在差别,大行资金富裕是借出方,中小银行资金短缺是资金拆入方。同业规模收缩必然使一些靠吃利差为生的中小银行日子不好过,一些靠同业资金“寅吃卯粮”的中小银行更是有“断炊”之忧。对此,监管部门要掌握好监管措施实施的节奏和力度,避免用药过猛带来新的风险,同时也要积极引导中小银行转型发展。
过度依赖同业业务的中小银行也须及早扭转思路、调整经营策略,摒弃规模、速度情节,积极发挥自身优势,通过更好地支持实体经济获得更大发展。一方面要立足本地做特色,加大对重点产业、基础设施等领域的融资支持;积极发展零售银行业务,通过创新模式,服务好小微企业和个人客户,做深做足优势业务,树立品牌;另一方面要加快创新,开拓市场,发展投资银行等资本市场、金融市场业务,积极探索“投贷联动、资产证券化”等创新产品,提高综合金融服务能力。
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