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中东欧国家拉动就业见成效

2017-08-21 05:26:20   中国青年网

欧盟统计局日前公布的数据显示,2016年,一些中东欧国家的青年失业率问题有所缓解。保加利亚的青年失业率从2006年的29.3%下降到2016年的22.7%,降幅为欧盟国家中最大。此外,波兰和斯洛伐克的青年失业率分别降低了3.6个百分点和3.4个百分点,降幅也位居欧盟国家前列。

中东欧国家数据所显示的趋势与欧盟一致。波兰中央统计办公室称,今年6月,波兰的失业率下降到7.1%,远低于去年的8.5%。保加利亚国家统计局称,2016年本国就业率为67.2%,比上年增加3.5个百分点;失业率为6.3%,同期减少1.7个百分点。捷克劳工办公室的数据则显示,捷克的整体失业率在今年6月创该国19年中最低水平:当月,捷克失业时间在12个月以上的人口共有11.67万,而在3年前的6月,该数字还接近25万。

数据显示,中东欧国家“尼特族”(既不工作,也不接受教育或参加培训的年轻人)比重大幅下降,这一方面跟欧盟整体经济形势向好有关,另一方面说明这些国家采取措施拉动就业显现成效。中国社科院欧洲研究所中东欧研究室高级研究员孔田平对本报记者解释说,中东欧国家青年失业率降低的原因还包括西欧国家对这些欧盟新成员国开放劳动力市场,很多中东欧国家年轻人到西欧国家打工或在本国更积极地寻求工作机会等。

为了帮助“尼特族”融入社会,增加年轻人的就业岗位,中东欧国家政府纷纷下大力气,因地制宜地推出了不少措施。去年上半年,捷克开始对失业率较高地区的民众有条件发放补贴,鼓励他们参加工作。加入该计划者每月通勤10到25公里,就可以得到1500捷克克朗(约合450元人民币)的薪水。如果民众愿意迁移到有更多就业机会的地区,还可以得到5万捷克克朗(约合1.5万元人民币)的补贴。

保加利亚政府最近通过一项总额为200万列弗(约合801.8万元人民币)的新的培训和就业计划:今年9月至12月,保加利亚将为14个城市约830人提供带有补贴的工作;帮扶的重点对象,将是那些已经求职很长时间的人、年轻人以及那些收到社会福利或受过基本教育、没有职业资格的人。保加利亚政府还将向年龄不满24岁的受教育程度较低人群、50岁以上没有工作的人以及长期失业者这三类人群提供600多个就业岗位,同时承担他们工资和社会保险成本的50%。

(本报华沙8月20日电)

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