新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China

北方黄册填补空白

2017-08-21 05:16:27   中国青年网

众所周知,赋役黄册制度是明代户籍与赋役之法的一项基本制度,并与明朝统治相始终。可惜的是,数量巨大的明代黄册消失于朝代更迭中。现存的明代黄册文书,多是乡里保存的黄册底籍、草册及抄底等,而明代黄册原件难得一见。已知存世黄册遗存文书,都属于南方地区,北方黄册一件未见。幸运的是,近几年我们在进行公文纸本古籍整理研究的过程中,发现了两种消失已久的北方黄册,使得北方黄册失而复得。尤其难能可贵的是,两种北方黄册,一属县衙所藏,一出自后湖黄册库,均为明代黄册原件。

属县衙所藏黄册,见于上海图书馆藏公文纸本《赵元哲诗集》纸背,共四册,计110页。其中多处出现“一户某某,系山东兖州府东平州东阿县”等字样,如第1册第2页背“壹户刘彦实,系山东兖州府东平州东阿县”,第2册第2页背“一户冠君仁,系山东兖州府东平州东阿县西姚”等,可知其应为山东东阿县攒造黄册。又,第2册第4页背载:“县尚德乡壹都第一图车站户,充万历拾玖年甲首”,第2册第21页背载“山屯驴夫户,充万历拾陆年甲首”。明代黄册十年一造,排定之后十年间的里长、甲首轮役次序。据此结合明代黄册大造之年推断,可知该批黄册应为万历十年(1582)所造。另,此《赵元哲诗集》为明万历十年朱应毂刻公文纸印本。朱应毂,万历十年前后任东阿县知县,曾纂修《东阿县志》,《赵元哲诗集》应即其任东阿县知县之时所刻。但印刷时间应该晚于万历十年,因其用万历十年攒造黄册刷印,必须等到此批黄册成为废册之后方可。由该书刻印地点可知,此批黄册应为东阿县所藏黄册。

出自后湖黄册的北方黄册,为山西汾州南郭西厢关厢黄册,见于上海图书馆藏明末毛氏汲古阁刻公文纸本《乐府诗集》纸背。如该书目录第11页背第2行载:“壹户田友,系山西汾州南郭西厢关厢第拾壹图”,第9行—12行载:“开除/人口正除死亡男妇六口/男子不成丁四口/田受于嘉靖/田广于嘉靖”,据此推断,此“山西汾州黄册”应为嘉靖四十一年攒造。

万历十年山东东阿县和嘉靖四十一年山西汾州黄册的发现,填补了我国现存明代黄册中,北方黄册缺失的空白,使得消失已久的北方黄册重回学者研究视线。相对于已知的南方遗存黄册,失而复得的北方黄册,具有以下两个突出特点和史料价值:

一、两种北方黄册的发现,为研究明代黄册制度的演变提供了宝贵资料。例如,关于黄册攒造中的人户类别,栾成显曾据遗存黄册指出:“黄册以户为单位攒造,大的类别分为‘正管’户和‘畸零’户(又称‘带管’),家有赀财应役者为正管,鳏寡孤独不应者为畸零。”(栾成显:《赋役黄册与明代等级身份》,《中国社会科学院研究生院学报》2007年第1期)在文中,他将“带管户”等同于“畸零户”,但山东东阿县黄册中明确出现了“正管”“带管”“畸零”三类人户。如《赵元哲诗集》第二册第3页背载:“正管/第九里/里长”,第二冊第22页纸背载:“带管/第肆甲/里长/下户”,第一册第7页纸背载:“畸零/第伍甲/甲首/下户”。由“带管”与“畸零”并列,可知此两类人户应非等同关系。日本学者鹤见尚弘根据洪武二十四年“奏准攒造黄册格式”规定,推测明代第二次攒造黄册时,里甲人户中出现了介于里甲户与畸零户之间的“带管户”,其身份应是作为正管“里甲户”的替补应役人户存在(鹤见尚弘著、姜镇庆等译:《中国明清社会经济研究》,学苑出版社1989年版)。但从东阿县黄册中可见,“带管户”本身已经编排里长、甲首,出任里甲之役了,并非仅仅是替补人户。

上一页1/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170821/31139454.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/11/05 20:27:58

Powered by China
China