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宁波检验检疫局:输美炒货产品生产企业需关注色素安全
央广网宁波8月20日消息(记者杜金明 通讯员樊东波 王明贤)近日,美国FDA网站更新了进口预警措施(Import Alert),对我国1家企业的食用西瓜子实施了自动扣留,原因是违规使用丽春红等色素。丽春红又称胭脂红,是目前我国使用最广泛的、用量最大的一种单偶氮类人工合成色素。胭脂红作为食品色素可用于果汁饮料、配制酒、碳酸饮料、糖果、糕点等食品的着色,而不能用于肉干、肉脯制品、水产品等食品中,主要是为了防止一些不法分子通过使用色素将不良的原料肉如变质肉的外观掩盖起来,欺骗消费者。目前,美国、加拿大、挪威禁止在食品中添加胭脂红,中国、欧盟、日本等国允许在食品中添加胭脂红,但对其使用范围和最高使用量都有严格要求。
色素,是以食品着色为目的的一类食品添加剂,是我们身边最常见到的食品“美容剂”,目前市面上所见到的色素绝大多数都是人工合成色素。我国食品添加剂使用标准(GB2760)列入的合成色素共计28种,最常见的食用色素有苋菜红、胭脂红、新红、柠檬黄、日落黄、靛蓝、亮蓝、赤藓红、诱惑红等。与天然色素相比,合成色素颜色更加鲜艳,不易褪色,且价格较低。但食用合成色素有一个大缺点,即具有一定毒性,主要是由于食用合成色素多以苯、甲苯、萘等化工产品为原料,经过磺化、硝化、偶氮化等一系列有机反应而成,因此必须严格控制使用品种、范围和数量,限制每日允许摄入量(ADI)。
世界各国尤其是西方发达国家在色素对人体健康影响方面做了大量调查和研究,据英国标准局有关研究发现,当日落黄、喹啉黄、酸性红、诱惑红、酒石黄、丽春红等色素或其混合物与防腐剂苯甲酸钠同时摄入人体后,会对儿童的身体发育,特别是行为举止产生不利影响。有很多家长会发现,孩子在成长过程中越来越任性、顽皮、反叛、情绪不稳定、脾气暴躁、自制力差,越来越难管了。英国食品标准局在2007年9月的一篇文章中建议家长,对于这些表现极度活跃的孩子,要减少他们饮食中人工合成色素的摄入量。为此,世界各国在食用色素的管理、合成色素的使用方面均有严格的规定,多种合成色素已被禁止或严格限量使用。如在美国,合成色素的管理比其他的食品添加剂还要更加严格,目前美国仅9种合成色素可用在食品中,其中一种只能用在水果皮上。丹麦禁止在诸如面包一类的“基本食物”中添加任何色素,并要求所有添加的色素都必须在食品标签上注明。
据统计,2017年1-7月,宁波地区共出口炒货类产品60余批、180万美元,主要产品有香瓜子、毛豆仁、青豆等,而美国为该类产品主要贸易国。为此,检验检疫部门提醒相关出口企业须高度重视食用色素问题:要密切关注美国FDA最新动态,充分了解自身产品色素是否符合FDA要求,降低意外违规等风险;要严把原辅料质量关,加强供应商管理,不随意从非合格供应方采购,明确原辅料质量保证条款;要严格落实成品检测,产品出口前务必请专业检测机构进行安全卫生项目检测,确保合格后再发货,以减少退货、索赔等风险。
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