新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China

NASA计划给火山打洞降温防爆发 或拯救全人类

2017-08-19 14:51:18   

中国日报网8月19日电 据英国广播公司8月17日报道,地球上的超级火山如果爆发,可能毁灭全人类。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)“脑洞大开”,设想给火山打洞,用水流循环给火山降温,既能防范火山爆发,还能借助地热发电。

NASA旗下喷气推进实验室(JPL)的科学家布莱恩·威尔考克斯说:“我曾经是NASA行星防御咨询委员会(ACPD)的一名成员。当初,我通过研究得出结论,超级火山的威胁比小行星、彗星的威胁大得多。”

地球上目前已知的有大约20个超级火山,平均每10万年左右有一次大规模的火山爆发。超级火山爆发可能改变地球气候,延长寒冬,导致饥荒。联合国2012年曾经估算过,地球的食物储备只够吃74天。

面对超级火山的潜在威胁,NASA的科学家们认为,排除隐患最合理的方法是给火山降温。美国黄石公园的火山相当于一个巨大的发电机,其能产生的发电量相当于6座工业发电厂。目前,黄石公园把60%至70%的热量通过岩石缝隙的水分释放到地表大气层中,其余三到四成则留在地下。滞留在地下的热量越积越多,一旦到达临界点,超级火山就会爆发。

不过,火山如果把更多热量释放到地表,而不是让其滞留地下——等于给火山“降温”,它就永远不会爆发。NASA估算认为,把散热比例提高35%,就能解除黄石国家公园的火山的爆发威胁。

水具有冷却功能,但是不能直接从火山顶上向火山里“倒水”。威尔考克斯说:“在山区修筑水渠,把水从山下引到山上,这个做法既昂贵,又困难,对水资源的消耗也很大……会有争议。”

同样利用水,NASA认为打洞冷却是最为可行的方法。按照该方法,人们要在火山处向地下打洞,深度最多10公里,用高压把水注入洞中,让水在洞中循环出入,给火山“降温”。常温的水入洞再出洞之后,温度可达350摄氏度左右。该项目如果实行,预计耗资34.6亿美元。

威尔考克斯说:“黄石(的火山)现在释放60亿瓦特的热量。通过打洞散热,我们可以建一座地热发电站,每千瓦时的发电成本仅为10美分,价格极具竞争力……能保障周边地区数万年的电力供应。当然,我们同时也阻止了超级火山爆发,拯救了全人类。”

不过,在火山里打洞存在风险,可能导致火山意外爆发。威尔考克斯说:“不能制造麻烦,这是最重要的。如果打洞打到岩浆区,再想冷却,就很有风险……我们打洞,要从侧面、低处搭进去,洞打在岩浆区的下面,从而阻止地下热量向上进入岩浆区。”

当然,打洞给火山“降温”的计划,也许在我们有生之年都不会实现。即便实现,其过程也细水长流,十分漫长。NASA认为,面对潜在重大威胁,人们需要有超前的防范意识,也希望打洞冷却法可以应用到全部此类超级火山上。

在思路上,应对超级火山爆发和防范彗星撞地球颇有相似之处。威尔考克斯表示,我们只需要做出细微的改变,经过漫长的时间,就能产生显著的效果。对彗星,是改变轨道;对火山,则是降温。

(译者:王琦琛 编辑:严玉洁)

 

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170819/31131311.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/01 15:28:09

Powered by China
China