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“幸福处方”凸显司法救治新理念

2017-08-18 08:27:48   中国青年网

一事一议

苑 菁

据报道,8月14日,南宁市邕宁区法院家事法庭的法官与广西社会心理学会专业机构的心理咨询师,通过联合为一起离婚纠纷案件当事人的婚姻“把脉”,开出南宁市首张“婚姻幸福处方”。法庭还将不定期通过电话、短信、上门等方式对双方进行回访,制作回访联系卡,以便了解、监督双方执行修复感情计划的情况。

在常人看来,法官断案程序清晰,只需依据法律条文对诉讼案件进行公正严明的审判,一般不会涉入当事人的个人生活。然而,这次南宁一家法院开出的“婚姻幸福处方”,却让我们看到了另一种断案方式——在审判过程中法官不仅断案,还倾力救治,“幸福处方”写满了浓浓的法制温情。

如果仅从“人性化”角度理解这张“幸福处方”,就埋没了其背后蕴含的法律深意,它是目前我国正在开展的家事审判改革的一个缩影。家事审判,顾名思义,是指涉家庭内部成员纠纷案件的仲裁和判决,包括婚姻、赡养抚养、遗产继承、收养等矛盾和纠纷,其中婚姻纠纷占据的比重最大。

家事审判改革的出台有着深刻的社会背景。近年来,社会的加速发展和生活方式的改变,对传统的婚姻理念形成了强烈冲击,导致国内离婚率不断提高,随之而来的是未成年人的教育与抚养、妇女权益维护、老年人赡养等社会问题频发。而实际上,其中一些看似破裂的婚姻并非不能挽救,但囿于“婚姻属于个人私事”的传统审判思维,法官往往只就“是非对错”进行裁决,而忽略了对当事双方婚姻关系的“救治”。

家庭是社会的细胞,离婚家庭带来的严重社会问题拷问着“只断案,不救治”的传统司法审判模式,倒逼着司法审判改革加快创新步伐。2016年6月,最高人民法院在全国选取了118家中基层法院,开展为期两年的家事审判方式和工作机制改革试点,力图打破以往单一的司法职能,实现司法职能和社会职能的结合——在婚姻案件上法官不仅限于纠纷裁判,还要倾力救治婚姻关系尚未破裂的家庭。

家事审判改革的进行,对执法者本人来说也是一次新旧观念的碰撞。由于家事纠纷没有非黑即白的原则性,情感、伦理色彩比较浓厚,这就决定了对家事审判和一般民事纠纷处理有显著的不同,在公正裁判的基础上,更需要人性化审判理念和审判模式,如“离婚冷静期”的提出和试点就是该理念的体现。但由于婚姻纠纷特殊的情感属性,在家事审判改革中,也需要执法者具体情况具体分析,对没有挽救余地的婚姻果断裁决,不干涉婚姻双方选择权利。

此外,家事审判改革还打破了以往司法机关单一解决婚姻纠纷的工作机制,而建立起以司法机关为主、社会广泛参与的家事纠纷多元调解机制。在上述新闻报道中,法庭联合心理学专业机构共同为婚姻把脉,就是运用多元化渠道拯救危机婚姻的一次生动实践。由此看来,邕宁区法院的“幸福处方”反映的不只是一次温情审判,更是一次家事审判改革理念在地方法院的执行和实践,其改革意义不容小觑。

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