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专家解读联通780亿混改:推进改革尚需突破两大难点

2017-08-17 18:13:10   央广网

央广网财经8月17日消息(记者 易珏)“这(联通混改方案)已经反反复复酝酿了很长时间,临时撤下方案也是由于一些技术性原因做出调整,不会影响后续改革的进展。”长期观察国企改革的中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦告诉央广网记者。

  在昨晚挂出的公告中显示,混合所有制改革方案实施前,联通A股公司总股本为211.97亿股。在混合所有制改革方案实施过程中,联通A股公司拟向战略投资者以非公开形式发行不超过90.37亿股,募集资金不超过人民币617.25亿元,并由联通集团向结构调整基金协议转让其持有的约19.0亿股联通A股公司股份,转让价款约人民币129.75亿元;向核心员工首期授予不超过约8.48亿股限制性联通A股公司股份,募集资金不超过约人民币32.13亿元,上述交易对价合计不超过约人民币779.14亿元。  公告显示,中国人寿、腾讯信达、百度鹏环、京东三弘、阿里创投、苏宁云商、光启互联、淮海方舟、兴全基金和结构调整基金将分别持有联通 A 股公司 10.22%、5.18%、3.30%、2.36%、2.04%、1.88%、1.88%、1.88%、0.33%、6.11%股份,上述新引入战略投资者合计持有联通A股公司35.19%股份。   联通混改:金额大、项目大、层次深  根据国家发改委公布的混合所有制改革试点企业名单,第一批试点的国企有6家,包括东航集团,联通集团、云南电网、中核工业、哈电集团、中国船舶。其中,中国联通是唯一一家整体混改的企业。  华安证券首席宏观分析师徐阳认为,这次混改涉及到国企改革重要领域和关键环节,如:重组整合、组建国有资本投资和运营公司、部分重要领域混合所有制改革、员工持股、建立现代企业制度等。  截至停牌前,中国联通的A股市值达1583亿元,是第一批混改中涉及金额最大、体量最大的项目。  公告最牵动注意力的是,首先,联通混改方案中的员工持股部分,联通向核心员工募集限售股8.48亿股,每股成本仅3.79元,而中国联通A股停牌前为7.47元,这让员工激励计划变得更明朗;其次,中国互联网公司的大规模入股,仅百度、阿里、腾讯、京东、苏宁5家企业持股比例就超过14%,这在此前5家的混改中都没出现过,这也是混改层次最深的一个。  徐阳表示,如果电信运营商能够通过股权层面的合作加强和互联网企业的合作,未来的想象空间巨大。电信企业是全程全网的布局,但是在同一消费者入口上和用户体验上一直做得不好,如果互联网企业入股,就能够盘活国有资产。  中国企业研究院首席研究员李锦告诉记者,这次混改几大互联网公司都参加,而且比例很大,其主要目的并不是财务投资,而是采用通讯加互联网模式,让互联网技术和通讯工具的结合,有利于通讯企业向中高端发展,这也是供给侧结构性改革的重要一步。  中国联通也曾经公开表示,本次混改引入的战略投资者与中国联通主业关联度高、互补性强,有助于将公司在网络、客户、数据、营销服务及产业链影响力等方面的资源和优势与战略投资者的机制优势、创新业务优势相结合。   两个关键问题需解决:公司化治理与市场化经营  徐阳认为,作为此次混改的主体,联通A股上市公司不停地发布辟谣与停牌公告,因涉及混合所有制改革相关的重大事项,本次非公开发行具体实施方案,包括投资者名单、定价、投资金额、所占股比等,仍需按照要求上报相关部委认可后方可实施。  “电信企业的文化和互联网公司差异巨大,未来能够将这种合作做到什么层面值得关注。”徐阳说。  李锦指出,联通混改有两个改革的重点问题,方案已经有所关注,但没有具体的解决办法:一是公司化治理,根据投资的比例选出董事,董事会和监事会行使发言权、投票权等。公司化治理目前还有没有成功的经验,这是一个挑战;二是市场化经营,到底是谁来做企业管理者,是市场上聘任、职业经理人,还有由联通自己任命。以上两个问题的解决与否,是衡量混改是否成功的主要标志。  但可以肯定的是,随着改革落地,国有资产证券化、资本化水平进一步提升,将为资本市场注入新活力和动能。  李锦指出,下半年混合所有制改革将加速,此前公布的试点企业方案有望密集批复并实施。下半年铁路等领域的改革也将加快,迈出实质性步伐。  徐阳表示,涉及配售电、电力装备、高速铁路、铁路装备、航空物流、民航信息服务、基础电信、国防军工、重要商品、金融等领域的央企将可能获得突破性进展,意味着“混改”将成明年市场关注的焦点话题。  徐阳认为,中船集团、联通集团、东航集团、南方电网、哈电集团、中国核建、中国航空集团、中国兵器装备集团、中国兵器工业集团、中国船舶重工集团、中粮集团、中国电力建设集团等都是值得期待的企业。

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