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85名患儿死于医院“断氧” 近看印度医疗之殇

2017-08-16 10:44:46   国际在线

国际在线报道:近日,位于印度北方邦戈勒克布尔市的最大公立医院——巴巴•拉加夫•达斯医院发生一起重大医疗事故。由于医院拖欠供应商700多万卢比的欠款,导致提供氧气的私人公司中断对医院的液态氧供应,造成院内数十名患儿死亡,目前死亡数字已上升到85人。印度诺贝尔和平奖得主萨蒂亚尔希愤怒地表示:“数十个孩子死在医院,因为没有氧气。这不是悲剧,而是屠杀。七十年来的自由对我们的孩子就意味着这样吗?”

连日来,有关“断氧门”的报道充斥着印度各大媒体,舆论对这起惨剧的追问延伸到了印度整个医疗卫生行业的现状。笔者曾在印度生活3年,对该国医疗基础设施和服务有着切身的观察和体会,总体的感觉是政府资金投入不足、医疗条件城乡有别、公立医院资源匮乏。

医生不足床位缺乏 医疗资源捉襟见肘

近年来,印度的综合国力不断提升,经济的快速发展在一定程度上带动了其医疗卫生行业的进步。然而,医疗水平低下、卫生状况堪忧的情况仍旧困扰着这个南亚最大的发展中国家,其中一个主要原因是政府资金投入不足。据2013年世界卫生组织统计,印度政府在医疗卫生方面的支出仅占GDP的4%,而2015年该数字更是进一步下降到了1.2%,这使得印度成为全球医疗支出比例最低的国家之一,远低于全球5.4%的平均值

如果简单对比中印两国的情况,则更能真切感受到印度医疗卫生的短板。尽管印度是全球人口增速最快的国家之一,但人均寿命仅为65岁左右,明显低于中国的76岁。印度新生儿死亡率为千分之四十五,而中国仅为千分之六。据印度官方统计,印度全国现有1.2万所医院、2.2万个初级医疗中心、2000多个社区医疗中心和2.7万个诊疗所,而根据《2014年中国卫生和计划生育事业发展统计公报》,中国医疗卫生机构总数达98.1万个,二者有明显的量级差距。如果用印度庞大的13亿人口基数做分母,则其医疗资源的捉襟见肘更加突出。

印度医院床位数和病患数的比例示意图,平均来说,一个床位需要服务1,833个病人(图片来源:印度时报)

《印度时报》8月14日的一篇文章深刻揭露了巴巴·拉加夫·达斯医院“断氧门”所暴露出的医疗资源不足的问题。文章称,印度全国共有93万8861名注册医生,除以13亿人口,相当于每1000个印度人里只有7名医生。根据印度中央医疗信息统计局2015年3月发布的数据,马哈拉施特拉邦和比哈尔邦的医生和病人的对应比例是全印度最低的,分别为1名医生需要照看27,790和28,391个病人。

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