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地震后人们的心理如何复原?国家卫计委派驻地震灾区心理组组长西英俊:最好的做法是倾听、陪伴、理解

2017-08-16 06:21:50   中国青年网

地震给灾区群众心理带来了怎样的影响?震后“一有风吹草动就紧张”、整夜失眠焦虑,是否意味着自己有了心理疾病?地震后该如何调整好心理问题?

8月9日,国家卫计委派驻地震灾区心理组组长西英俊抵达九寨沟灾区。随后几天中,他所在的心理组实地探访了灾区所有居民安置点并开展相关心理辅导、培训等。8月15日,他返京前夕,就上述问题接受了本报记者专访。

□本报记者 熊筱伟

谈现状

老人比较担忧生活和医疗保障

记者:目前灾区群众的整体心理情况如何?

西英俊:总体心理状况是比较稳定的,这得益于地震发生后,灾区群众的自救行为,还有政府及时的物资和医疗保障。困难时得到大力支持,这种心理上的安慰和温暖,让群众整体处于团结的、共渡难关的阶段。

通常来说,老年人和孩子是心理危机干预工作关注的两个重要群体。孩子性格还没有成熟,经历事情比较少。和成人相比会更多表现出害怕,比如余震发生时会哭泣、乱跑,需要更多人的关注。至于老年人,我们发现当地老年人有足够的经验去判断、预期地震带来的影响,面对地震时心理相对比较平和。但因为生活能力有所下降,加之年龄衰老,疾病较多等原因,这给老年人带来了明显的对生活和医疗保障的担忧,造成心理上的压力。因此需要在物质和医疗支持的前提下,加强对老人的心理支持。

谈问题

失眠紧张不等于有心理疾病 是否正常看3个标准

记者:有灾区群众反映,震后出现失眠、紧张等现象,这是心理出现了疾病吗?

西英俊:出现这些现象,不等于有心理疾病。多数情况下,这都是正常的,是非正常事件对正常人造成的正常反应。当然,在创伤事件刺激过强或个人不能有效应对时,就会发展出心理异常反应甚至心理障碍。

记者:怎么才能知道自己的反应是正常的,还是有了心理疾病?

西英俊:一般来讲,判断正常与否有3个标准:一是严重程度,一般的害怕和过度惊恐,程度是不一样的;二是时间,如果一周甚至更长时间没有好转,反而加剧,出现创伤后应激障碍的可能性很大;三是社会功能,孩子该上学上学,成人该工作工作,如果上学精神不集中了,成绩明显下降了;成人工作精神不集中了,人际关系出现问题了,就可能有创伤后应激障碍。

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