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美育连接美丽人生

2017-08-16 04:16:45   中国青年网

【环球教育评说】

倘若我们承认,情感在某些情况下比逻辑更加重要,那么我们就会相信,美育在中小学教学大纲中是不可或缺的。

俄罗斯的教育家们认为,在一个人的成长历程中,情商要比智商更加重要。而美育之所以不可或缺,是因为它在促进情商提升方面作用巨大。无论对提升自我认识、增强自我激励、加大自我控制,还是对提高感受他人和处理人际关系的能力来说,美育的意义和作用都越来越重要,尤其是在流行趋势日新月异的互联网时代。

当俄罗斯人说,“让美丽拯救世界吧”,他们是指审美意识、审美观念和审美能力或许是帮助人类感受世界、认知世界最好的工具。从这个意义上说,美育也是民族观念和社会思想的一种体现。一代或几代人的审美观对社会意识的影响具有深刻的现实意义。美育的价值和意义在于它能够提升人的思想水准、道德意识和认知能力,从而为现实问题的解决提供方向。

美育是心灵的教化和人格的培养,它影响着人的精神面貌。美育本身就是一所学校,让人领悟什么是忠诚、正直、真诚和善良;它让人懂得追求率真、纯粹、道义和理想;它让人学会与自私自利、出卖灵魂、放弃良心等种种丑行坚决对抗。归根到底,美育可以让人清醒地意识到,人的尊严与品德为什么如此重要。

美育可以引导孩子们确立正确的人生态度和人生方向。美育是对人的情感关怀和培养,指引人们追寻人生的价值、意义和目标,铲除人生道路上的种种疑惑和迷茫。美育帮助人们寻找人生理念、生活方式和价值取向,它在调动人的高尚情怀、培育人的人格完美、启迪人的仁慈心、道德感和同情心等方面所能发挥的作用远远超出我们的想象。

俄罗斯的教育家认为,学校有什么样的美育,学生就会有什么样的情操。如果学校放松美育课程,不去引导学生赏析普希金的诗歌和托尔斯泰的小说,那学生的整体素质就会大幅度下降。曾有一位俄罗斯的中学老师认真地告诉笔者,一个厌烦诗歌、不读小说、不看电影和戏剧的人,他们的情感世界多少有些荒芜,他们的审美感受、想象力和创造力很有可能会有所削弱。

美育是素质教育中的精华,它可以推动思维能力的发展,它自身甚至可以被视为一种思维能力和思维方法。通过艺术这个牵动情感的载体,人的创造力、审美直觉和想象力都可以被激发。美育使任何人都有机会通过审美活动,突破自我的局限性,扩展自我、超越自我,扩大自己的格局,扩展自己的胸襟和气象。

俄罗斯的大学有一条不成文的规定,学生不能穿着没有熨烫的衬衫走进课堂,因为这是最基本的教养。有句俚语说,人的一切都应当是美好的,无论是心灵,还是衣裳。在莫斯科,每当看到人们自觉地排队上车、让座,看到一人跌倒众人帮的景象,就会感叹俄罗斯的国民素质,赞叹美育的力量。在经济极不景气的背景下,人们仍然带着鲜花去剧场,去博物馆,去艺术中心;电视广播等媒体也仍然保持着高水准的节目播放;网络环境也不向低级趣味举手投降,俄罗斯人仍然自信而有尊严地保持着他们的审美情操。

(作者:汪嘉波)

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