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李新荣:20年“草根”打造沙坡头新生态

2017-08-15 17:17:04   央广网

李新荣在展示人工培养的生物土壤结皮

央视网消息:科研的路,往往是一条寂寞枯燥的漫漫长路。在“荒沙万里杳无人烟”的沙坡头,身为沙漠研究试验站站长的李新荣和他的团队像“草根”一样扎在土里,默默品尝着科研滋味。

沙坡头位于宁夏、内蒙古、甘肃三省交界,腾格里沙漠东南缘,是古丝绸之路的必经之地。在这里,裹着沙子的大风能把人脸刮得刺痛。

李新荣的老家在甘肃农村。1997年,他从中科院北京植物所博士后出站后,本可以留京工作,还能得到单位分配的80平米房子和副研究员待遇。然而李新荣却放弃了这个机会,他选择了沙坡头站,踏上了漫长的防沙治沙之路。在李新荣看来,只有接近自然才能更好地做研究。他的论文不仅要发表在杂志上,还要写在广袤的大地上。

沙坡头站建于1955年,是中科院最早建立的长期野外综合观察研究站。“办公桌上几个碗大的老鼠洞,同事往洞里糊点泥巴,上面再盖个报纸,就继续凑合着用。”李新荣笑着回忆。当时他的工资只有360元,房租却要111元,只剩下200多元。

1999年11月,李新荣在澳大利亚进修时第一次了解到土壤结皮现象。后来,基于长期野外观测和试验,李新荣和团队发现草方格沙障里出现的生物土壤结皮能够将流沙牢牢“钉住”,固沙效果神奇,唯一的缺点是结皮形成的时间很长,至少需要五年以上。

后来,他们从藻类、地衣、藓类结皮中提取最适合结皮的微生物和藻类,在实验室内人工培养,将其制成释剂,喷洒在草方格沙障内的沙子上以形成土壤结皮。

“用我们的方法,人工结皮很快就形成了,如同地毯一样能牢牢‘锁住’流沙。”李新荣说。

李新荣的团队还研发出沙区雨养型植被建设技术与模式、节水灌溉技术、沙区交通干线“灌木+草本+隐花植物”立体生态恢复技术,这些技术对宁夏、内蒙古、陕西和甘肃的生态恢复产生了巨大作用。

在李新荣的眼中,长期生态学的魅力,就在于如何在漫长的时间里,寻找最符合自然规律的方法,科学的成果要经得起时间的检验。

在沙坡头站现有的固沙植被系统中,隐花植物拓植繁衍到40种,草本16种,鸟类28种,昆虫50种,大型动物23种。这从科学角度证实了在我国干旱区通过生态工程建设实现区域生态和生物多样性的恢复是可行的。

如今的沙坡头站有了越来越多的科研设备,新的办公楼、住宿楼也修建起来,工作人员有了更多的休闲去处。院内植被丰茂,已然与站旁的黄河、大漠、绿洲融为一体。

“在站内工作两三年以上的人,目前基本都有出国交流学习的经历了。”李新荣说,沙坡头站每年还有许多与国内外知名专家、研究机构合作的项目,以及双向的交流学习。就这样,在这所扎根沙漠的研究站内,一支高素质的科研队伍被迅速培养起来,还创建了甘肃省寒区旱区逆境生理生态重点实验室,获得优秀实验室称号。

“团队协作,特别能吃苦,特别能奉献,特别能战斗——这句话是对“沙坡头精神”最好的诠释。“地方老百姓是‘草根’,我本人也是‘草根’。”在李新荣看来,扎根一线的沙坡头站,也要用这样的“草根”精神,让科技也能够造福一方。(线索来源:科技日报 人民日报)

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