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【砥砺奋进的五年】精准脱贫为全球减贫治理提供中国方案

2017-08-15 15:16:00   央广网

中国网/中国扶贫在线讯(焦梦)贫困问题是几千年来一直困扰人类社会的顽疾。十八大以来,党中央对13亿中国人民许下庄严承诺,绝不让一个贫困群众掉队,确保到2020年农村贫困人口全部脱贫。五年来,从精准扶贫向精准脱贫转变的战略部署,已使5564万中国人摆脱贫困。中国减贫取得的巨大成就得到了国际社会的广泛赞誉,为全球减贫治理提供了可复制的中国方案。

中国减贫交出亮丽“成绩单”

中国是第一个提前实现千年发展目标贫困人口减半的发展中国家。联合国《2015年千年发展目标报告》显示,中国极端贫困人口比例从1990年的61%,下降到2002年的30%以下,率先实现比例减半,2014年又下降到4.2%,中国对全球减贫的贡献率超过70%。中国成为世界上减贫人口最多的国家,也是世界上率先完成联合国千年发展目标的国家,为全球减贫事业作出了重大贡献。

联合国开发计划署驻华代表处国别主任文霭洁在接受专访时表示,“这些成果归功于中国政府的重视。”比如,从上世纪90年代起,中国政府开始推行全国减贫措施。1994年,新中国成立以来的第一个减贫计划——《国家八七扶贫攻坚计划(1994—2000年)》出台,该计划明确阐述了减贫目标、面向人群、具体措施和截止期限,帮助8000万人口摆脱贫困。自2000年以来,又制定并实施了《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2001—2010年)》和《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011—2020年)》。

除此之外,国务院扶贫开发领导小组是一个非常特殊也极为关键的政府部门,负责组织实施并巩固扶贫工作。这类政府机构在其他国家很罕见,这也反映出中国对扶贫工作的重视程度。扶贫款项连续增加、更优惠的政策在不断地实施,这些都为实现中国国富民强创建了一个更加便利的环境。

世界银行中国蒙古和韩国局局长郝福满在2017中国扶贫国际论坛上表示,中国的减贫成就举世瞩目,在30多年时间里使亿万人民脱贫,减贫速度之快在人类历史上是史无前例的。“1978年中国还是一个农业国家,那时候中国是否能够取得这么大的脱贫进展还是一个未知数,但是现在我们知道,中国完全做到了这一点。”郝福满认为,中国的扶贫一直做得很好,要归功于改革开放政策的成功落实。

政府主导、广泛动员的扶贫模式受赞誉

4月28日,全球减贫伙伴研讨会在意大利罗马召开,联合国农发基金全球接触、知识和战略部主任阿什旺尼·穆图在发言中表示,中国减贫模式效果好、效率高,在全球有目共睹。中国精准扶贫的理论和实践表明,有良好的政治意愿、科学的扶贫战略、适宜的政策措施,实现整体脱贫是完全可能的。中国的成功实践对推进世界减贫事业具有重要启示。

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