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青海:“两山精神”壮写“大美青海”

2017-08-15 15:13:08   中国青年网

新华社西宁8月15日电题:“两山精神”壮写“大美青海”

新华社记者 王建军

“青海好,青海好,青海的山上不长草,风吹石头跑。”站在青海省西宁市北山山腰上,脚下的这片山地,海拔2200-2800米,按照官方自然地质研究介绍,“山势高峻起伏、地形破碎、土质贫瘠,属于半干旱高原大陆性气候,年降水量仅368毫米,年蒸发量高达1763毫米”。

然而,遥望西宁南北两山,满眼都是郁郁葱葱的祁连圆柏、油松和柽柳,北山山顶甚至还有大片碗口粗的青海云杉林,和不少合腰粗、10多米高的青海杨……此时此刻,记者很难把眼前这一切与上面那句流传甚广的青海民谣联系在一起。

生态“高地”倒逼超前实践

青海省西宁市位于青海东北部,处于黄土高原和青藏高原、农业区与牧业区、汉文化与多民族文化三大结合部,是西部大开发核心城市,聚集着近240万人口,占全省常住人口的40%。南北山生态建设和保护的好坏,事关西宁市和湟水流域这个青海经济社会发展核心区、重心区的全局。

然而,受自然和经济条件制约,加上上世纪80年代以前长期不合理经营和人为破坏,导致南北山生态环境极度恶化,水土流失严重,一旦刮起风来,荒山上的沙土横扫西宁。市民阎师傅告诉记者:“那时夏天一下过雨(雷阵雨),北山上流下来的泥水一直能冲到西宁大街上,柏油路都变成了黄泥路。”

1989年,青海省委、省政府做出决策,“绿化西宁南北山,改善西宁生态环境”。在全省财政收入仅为6.69亿元的情况下,拿出1350万元正式启动西宁市南北山绿化工程。

青海省南北山绿化指挥部办公室副主任张奎告诉记者,过去28年间,面对严酷的自然环境,西宁南北山绿化工程作为历任青海省委领导持续接力的“一号工程”,绿化荒山31万亩,栽植各类苗木3473万株,总投资21亿元,造林保存率达86%。这其中,南北山形成森林20.97万亩,使得西宁市民人均森林面积由不足8平方米提高到112平方米。

目前,西宁南北山已经初步形成了以乡土针叶林为主,乔灌木结合、针阔叶混交的森林生态系统,正在产生巨大的生态效益。

第三方独立评价《西宁市南北两山绿化工程评价报告》数据显示:1989年-2014年,两山森林每年滞尘从0.9万吨增加到7.5万吨;减少土壤流失从每年1.5万吨提高到14.8万吨;涵养水源从每年114万立方米提高到1011万立方米;释放氧气从每年0.21万吨提高到3.87万吨;累计固碳17.6万吨……

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