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关于地震,这些常识要了解

2017-08-15 07:51:41   中国青年网

8月8日21时19分,四川阿坝藏族羌族自治州九寨沟县发生7.0级地震,牵动着万千同胞的心,地震灾害引发了大众广泛关注。

河北网友祈福:为什么“受伤”的总是四川这一带?

主持人:专家介绍,此次地震发生的地区是地震多发区域,地震震中位于岷江断裂、塔藏断裂和虎牙断裂附近,发震构造推测为塔藏断裂南侧分支和虎牙断裂北段。此次地震与汶川地震总体都属于巴颜喀拉块体周边的地震活动。巴颜喀拉块体为昆仑山东延部分,该块体地震较为活跃,巴颜喀拉块体正面推挤产生了汶川地震,这次地震与该块体南东向推挤有关系。

北京网友玉米:地震来了该如何避险?

主持人:地震发生时,应根据实际情况,寻找合适的躲避位置,如承重墙的墙根、墙角、卫生间等小房间,暖气管道旁;躲避时应保护好头部,并努力呼救。此外,在被埋压在废墟下无法脱险时,当听到废墟外面有声音时应不间断地敲击身边能发出声音的物品,如金属管道等,向外界求援。

上海网友大风歌:地震来临前会出现地震云吗?

主持人:目前网络上流传的所谓“地震云”很多,有一条一条的卷轴云,有点点的鱼鳞云,还有一层一层的波浪云,大家都信誓旦旦地说,这是地震云!其实这种云在平常生活中并不少见,其往往和地形有很大关系,西藏、青海、云南等高原多山地区就很常见。

地震到底和云有没有关系?以目前的认知水平并没有发现两者之间有联系的理论和依据。像现在这样,大家靠拍脑袋,敲键盘,用语焉不详的描述来“蒙”预测,或者当事后诸葛亮来验证地震预测,都是非常不科学的,对现有的防震减灾也完全没有任何帮助。

另外,像地震这类地壳运动对大气环流是否有某种潜在影响,有待于进一步的科学研究和论证,即便有影响也是比较细微,在做天气预报时这种影响是忽略不计的。而这种尚未地震,就以天降奇象,云生异变来预测的方式就更加不靠谱了。

四川网友雄起:为何地震过后常常伴随着降雨?

主持人:研究表明,当地震发生之后,引发地震的地下能量在震后短期内是会对降水产生影响的。其基本原理是:地震后产生的大量的山体滑坡,房屋倒塌,会使空气中增加大量的粉尘、微粒,这些粉尘和微粒就是形成水滴最好的凝结核;而地震巨大的冲击波,在震动大地的同时也不断向空中释放能量,这种能量同样强烈扰动震区上空的空气,使震区上空大量的凝结核与水汽分子不断碰撞,充分结合,当这些水滴增长到空气托不住时,一场地震后的大雨就降临了。

(本期主持人 杜 芳)

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