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城市的胜利与人的胜利(青眼)
2017-08-15 05:31:09 中国青年网
北京这样的大城市,总是容易引起热点话题。比如说逃离北上广,每隔一段时间总能引爆一次舆论;再比如说最近关于“北京有2000万人在假装生活”的讨论,也争论得火热。人们之所以如此热衷于议论它,无非是大家对于这座城市又爱又怨——爱它的包容、多元、机遇多多,怨它的拥堵、雾霾、高房价……
大城市好不好?答案似乎毋庸置疑。大城市对人口磁石般的吸引力足以说明它的优势。研究城市学的学者更是可以罗列详尽的理由:大城市让人们的观察与学习、沟通与合作变得更容易,能够极大促进思想撞击、文化交流与科技创新;大城市鼓励创业,带给人们前所未有的工作机会,让社会更有机动性、经济更具灵活性……在《城市的胜利》一书中,哈佛大学经济学家爱德华·格莱泽甚至把城市称作是“人类最伟大的发明与最美好的希望”,他用一系列翔实的数据论证了城市“让我们变得更加富有、智慧、绿色、健康和幸福”。
当然,这是乐观、理性经济一派的观点,对大城市持反对态度的也大有人在。在他们看来,城市的胜利并不等于人的胜利,大城市的城市病让其中的居民深受其害,大城市的冰冷、隔膜让人感到孤独漂泊,导致一系列精神问题。更有极端的人号召抵制城市化,让人类回归梭罗式的田园牧歌中去。
根据统计,如今全球已经有超过一半的人口生活在城市中,并呈快速增长趋势,城市化无疑是未来世界的大势所趋。正如乐观理性的经济学家所研究的,城市是一种最为经济的人类生活方式,但是我们也不得不注意,人并不只是经济的动物,更是情感的动物,城市的核心并不是高楼大厦,并不是丰富的资源,而是生活在其中的人。对于每一个活生生的人来说,他们需要的不仅仅是物质上的满足,更需要在这个城市中感受到温暖,有安全感、幸福感,这种“感觉”并不一定是赚多少钱、拥有多少房子就能解决。
从当前世界的城市化趋势看,这个时代无疑是“城市的胜利”,但或许还未完全达到“人的胜利”。要达到这一点,我们也许还需要对城市进行精心培育和维护,更加重视、关怀城市中的“人”,让城市多一些温暖、让城市中的人少一些漂泊感、孤独感,毕竟,城市中的人,才是构成一座城市的根本。
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