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我国地震活动仍处正常水平(微求证)

2017-08-12 05:13:31   中国青年网

8月8日和9日,我国西部四川九寨沟和新疆精河先后发生强震,引发了公众对地震活动频率、地震是否与水利工程有关等问题的关注。多位地质领域专家11日接受记者采访,对公众关心的问题进行回应。

短时间连续两次发生地震历史上不罕见

“短时间连续发生强震,在历史上并不是一个罕见事件,不能因此判断我国地震活动进入活跃期。”中国地震局台网中心副主任刘杰说,比如1955年4月14日四川康定7.5级地震后,15日新疆乌恰又发生了两次7.0级地震;1966年3月6日西藏扎达6.6级地震后,8日河北隆尧又出现6.8级地震。

刘杰说,我国大陆年均20次5级地震,其中6级地震3—4次,平均3年两次7级地震。九寨沟7.0级地震前,我国大陆7级地震平静已达24个月,6级地震平静8个月,2017年1—7月发生4次5级地震,地震活动水平是比较低的。目前我国大陆仍处于正常地震活动状态内。

“历史上,我国大陆发生7级地震是比较常见的现象。”刘杰说,国际地震界认为,2004年苏门答腊9级地震后,全球地震活动进入了相对活跃期。根据1900年以来地震活动资料,我国大陆地震活跃期是以7.5级大地震或7级强震群作为活动标志来划分的,如1920年海原8.5级大地震,1988年云南澜沧7.6级地震,2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震。因此九寨沟发生的7.0级地震,可以看成我国大陆的正常地震活动。

九寨沟地震与水利工程无关

几乎每次有强震发生后,网络上都会有声音把地震的发生和水利工程联系起来。这次九寨沟地震发生后,有网民臆测“可能和三峡工程有关”。对此,中国工程院院士陈厚群认为,这种观点是没有科学依据的。

陈厚群说,九寨沟地震的震中位于岷江、塔藏、虎牙三个断裂带附近,该地区本来就是地震多发区。这次地震是板块向北挤压导致川西北地块挤出,由局部走滑剪切引起的。

“三峡工程坝址及水库区的大地构造部位为扬子准地台中部的上扬子台褶带,分属华南地震区的长江中下游地震带,它和引发九寨沟地震的断裂不在同一个构造单元上,两者之间完全没有构造上的联系。”陈厚群说。

“此外,从九寨沟到三峡工程的直线距离约700公里,其间分布着不透水性的地层,库水与九寨沟地震的构造带也不存在水力联系,因此不可能引发九寨沟地震。”陈厚群说,四川西部在区域地质背景上,本就属于地震多发地带。近年来该区域地震频发,主要是受大的板块活动和地质构造的影响,九寨沟地震也没有水库诱发型地震的特征。

刘杰说,地震按照发生类型来说,通常分为构造地震、诱发地震、火山地震、陷落地震、人工地震等。通常认为,水库诱发地震是由于水库区有大断裂破碎带存在时,蓄水后水渗入岩层,促使岩层变形错动,从而诱发地震。水库诱发型地震的特点一般是震级小、震源浅、波及范围小。“大型水库因蓄水会诱发一些轻微的地震活动,但这些地震基本上分布在库区及其周边区域,不可能引起几百公里外的地震。”刘杰说,九寨沟地震属于典型构造地震,即由于地球岩层断裂,发生变位错动,在地质构造上发生巨大变化而产生的地震,它与水库诱发型地震属于不同地震发生类型,机制和原理也不同。

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