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“许可证”能否管住排污口(生态论苑)

2017-08-12 05:13:18   中国青年网

■完善并落实排污许可制,是保护生态环境的一项重要改革举措。这个证,不能让企业轻松拿。这个证,不能锁在抽屉里。这个证,应该放在阳光下

环保部近日发布《固定污染源排污许可分类管理名录(2017年版)》,明确了哪些企业需要持有排污许可证、什么时候需要取得排污许可证,分时分类全面推行排污许可“一证式”管理。截至目前,火电、造纸行业已经完成排污许可证核发工作。今年年底前将完成钢铁、焦化等行业核发。

有人可能会疑惑不解:排污明明是件“坏事”,怎么能够“许可”呢?实际上,在生产过程中不排放污染物,是不现实的,但必须依法排放、达到规定标准。排污许可是指依法对固定污染源的排污行为提出具体要求,并以书面形式确定下来。任何固定污染源,也就是需要向环境排放污染物的单位,必须事先向环境保护部门申请排污许可证,经批准获得许可证后,才能排污。

去年11月,国务院办公厅印发《控制污染物排放许可制实施方案》,部署安排完善这一制度,对固定污染源进行全过程管理和多污染物协同控制,推动绿色发展。新的许可证制度是固定污染源控制政策的核心,将整合衔接现有相关制度,包括环评审批、总量控制、排污收费等。排污许可证还对生产工艺、排放污染物种类、浓度、去向等有严格规定。

这是一项重要的改革举措,关系到环境质量能否切实改善,美丽中国能否早日实现。

改革开放以来,我国建立起环评审批、总量控制、排污收费等一系列环境管理制度,虽然在污染防治方面发挥了重要作用,但存在制度衔接不够、相互协同不好的问题。从上世纪80年代后期开始,我国各地陆续试点实施排污许可制,向约24万家企事业单位发放了排污许可证,涵盖了大部分固定污染源。但以前的许可证制度过于简单,很多地方将其狭隘地等同于排污注册证,既未与各项环境管理制度衔接,也没与环境质量改善挂钩,精细化管理水平不够。加之一些排污单位环保责任意识淡薄,环保部门依证监管不到位,偷排、漏排以及超标排放行为屡屡发生,导致一些地区生态环境质量恶化。

随着经济社会的发展,传统的环境管理手段已经越来越不能适应形势的变化和需要,改革势在必行。完善控制污染物排放许可制度,是生态文明建设强力推进、环境管理从粗放式走向精细化的要求,是生态环境保护领域改革的重大进展,有利于形成系统完整、权责清晰、监管有效的污染源管理新格局。

好事,一定要办好。这个证,不能让企业轻松拿。环保部门应严格审核颁发许可证,这一过程,既是环保部门掌握污染源情况、准确定位企业的过程,也是企业明确环保要求、公开排污信息的过程。

这个证,不能锁在抽屉里。排污许可证不是简单的排污“通行证”,排污单位要依证排污,执法单位要依证执法,严厉惩处无证排污的行为,将国家环境保护的法律法规、环保技术规范落到实处。

这个证,应该放在阳光下。应建立统一的固定污染源管理信息系统,所有许可证的申请、核发、执法等都纳入信息平台,并向社会公开,畅通公众查询、反馈排污信息的渠道,形成政府依法监管、企业依证守法、社会监督护法的良好氛围。

柱立则墙固,梁横则屋成。随着环境保护的各项法律法规、管理制度不断完善,支撑环保的“四梁八柱”已经搭建,关键是狠抓落实。只要我们扎实推进,抓铁有痕,踏石留印,就能持续改善环境质量,实现天更蓝、山更绿、水更清的美丽中国。(寇江泽)

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