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香港通过保护儿童新法例禁止掳拐儿童

2017-08-11 15:26:46   中国青年网

□凌德

11月20日,香港立法会通过旨在保护儿童的《2013年掳拐儿童法例(杂项修订)条例》,赋予当局特定权力扣留疑遭人掳拐的儿童,交还有抚养权的父或母或送往安全地方等。

夫妻申请离婚后,法庭通常将子女抚养及监护权判予其中一方。现时,海牙《国际掳拐儿童民事方面公约》(《海牙公约》)是有效的国际机制,令那些被人从一个缔约方不当地带至另一个缔约方的儿童得以迅速和安全地交还。香港是《海牙公约》的缔约方之一,通过《掳拐和管养儿童条例》(第512章《掳拐条例》)履行《海牙公约》。不过,香港至今仍未正式立法限制没有子女抚养权的父母掳拐子女离港。

因此,香港特区政府在2013年7月向立法会提交《掳拐条例草案》,希望落实早前法律改革委员会(法改会)于《国际性的父母掳拐子女问题报告书》(《报告书》)中所提出的改革建议,以改善香港就掳拐儿童所提供的法律保障。

新法例对旧有的《掳拐条例》作出了一定的修订,其中包括:清楚订明《掳拐条例》的目的在于打击掳拐儿童的行为,以涵盖不属于《海牙公约》规管范围的其他案件,并就相关事宜订定条文;修订《掳拐条例》第7条,明确授权原讼法庭可要求任何人,包括儿童的父母,亲自出席根据《掳拐条例》而提出申请的聆讯以及修订《掳拐条例》第8条,授权律政司司长根据《海牙公约》第7及21条履行律政司司长作为香港中枢当局的职务时,可要求有关方面提交与儿童有关事宜的书面报告。

新法例又建议,于《掳拐条例》中新增第15至21条,赋权原讼法庭作出禁止未经另一方同意而将儿童带离香港的禁止离境令、规定某人提供关乎儿童下落的数据的追寻令以及规定将儿童交还的返还令;规定已通知入境事务处处长有关法院已作出禁止离境令或返还令的一方或就某儿童提出禁止离境令的申请仍待决情况下,须在切实可行的范围内,将已给予该通知一事知会拥有并正在行使相关儿童的扶养权或探视权的人或者如涉及该权利的法律程序仍在法院待决,则知会相关法律程序的每一方人士;赋权入境事务人员及警务人员,若合理地怀疑某儿童在违反法院命令的情况下即将或正被带离香港,可羁留该儿童以交还适当人士。

在11月20日的立法会会议上,多名发言的立法会议员都支持港府提出的修正案。其中,来自民建联的立法会议员谭耀宗认为,有关修订可以进一步保障儿童权益,避免未获抚养权的父母任何一方,在离婚后擅自将子女掳拐离境。

香港劳工及福利局局长张建宗在立法会三读通过《掳拐条例草案》及修正案后表示,有关法案获得通过后,港府下一步会与司法机构继续商讨有关为施行追寻令、返还令以及禁止离境令而需订立的法院规则,预计《条例草案》及相关法院规则于明年下半年生效。

张建宗指出,现时毋须将条例刑事化,但会留意情况变化,吸取实行经验并适时进行检讨。他说:“我要强调,违反禁止离境令可能构成藐视法庭罪,惩处方式有罚款至监禁不等。我们认为在现阶段无须将父母掳拐子女行为刑事化,但我们会密切留意在转变的社会情况下实施这《条例草案》的经验以及在适当时候,我们会考虑检讨父母掳拐子女行为刑事化的议题。”

对于有议员关注内地和台湾并非《海牙公约》缔约国,会否影响实施新例,张建宗响应称,现行的内地法律是没有订明相关条文,这是事实。有关的内地法例亦没有就内地执行有关香港的命令而作出规定。但台湾方面,“其法院以前是有先例承认和执行香港发出的婚姻判决。我想指出,律政司会继续与内地当局就订立一个相互认可和执行婚姻判决安排的有关问题进行讨论,我们会继续努力,在适当时候,当然我们会向司法及法律事务委员会汇报其进度。

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