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也说高温津贴该不该免个税

2017-08-11 10:09:22   中国青年网

□浦江潮

连日来,全国多数地区烈日炎炎,高温天气里,有税务部门明确回应高温津贴应缴纳个人所得税,引发了网络热议。有劳动者反映,“高温津贴本就不高,还要征缴个税,到手的钱又‘蒸发’了一部分。” (8月8日《工人日报》)

高温津贴需缴纳个税,确实有据可依。国家统计局1990年发布的《关于工资总额组成的规定》,明确将“津贴”列入工资总额范围;后续的相关文件也大致延续了这一规定,而《个人所得税法》规定,“工资、薪金所得”应缴纳个税,据此,全国多数省份都将高温津贴并入工资征收个税。

但从情理上讲,对高温津贴征收个税,确有可商榷之处。一来,高温津贴本就不高,每个月100多元,发放三四个月,总共只有几百块钱;二来,高温津贴主要面向顶着酷暑工作的劳动者,是地地道道的“辛苦钱”,一天几块钱的补贴,只能买一瓶饮料罢了,对这点“辛苦钱”还要征税,从情理上讲又让很多劳动者接受不了。

有关部门将高温津贴纳入工资范畴,或是一片好心,意在强化用人单位支付高温津贴的义务,即支付高温津贴就像支付工资一样具有强制性。不承想,纳入工资范围就意味着纳入个税征收范围,致使这一点点高温津贴也要缴纳个税。实际上,工资和津贴本是两个概念,翻翻《现代汉语词典》就知道,“津贴”的第一个释义就是“工资以外的补助费”,也可以说,津贴并不就等同于工资。

那么,如果对高温津贴免征个税,是否存在法律障碍呢?其实不然。《个人所得税法》第二条规定了哪些个人所得应当缴税,其中并不包括津贴,至少没有明确将津贴列入缴税范围;相反,该法第四条规定了哪些个人所得应当免税,其中就包括“按照国家统一规定发给的补贴、津贴”。就高温津贴而言,自2012年6月国家安监总局等四部委印发《防暑降温措施管理办法》起,就已成为“国家统一规定发给的津贴”,因此,享受免缴个税“待遇”也是可行的。

实际上,一些省份已将高温津贴列为税前扣除,即不对高温津贴征收个税。如江苏省《关于企业夏季高温津贴标准的通知》规定,企业按照标准支付高温津贴,可按照规定税前扣除。广西《关于发布企业高温津贴标准的通知》中,也存在类似规定。上海市则从2011年起采取了一种变通办法,将高温津贴列入“劳动保护的各项支出”,这样就不计入工资总额,不征收个税。

相关省市的实践表明,高温津贴免缴个税是完全行得通的,也并不存在法律上的障碍。那么,其他省市可否效仿呢?能否在国家层面对此有个明确统一的规定?我们不妨拭目以待。

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