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绥宁发现梅膺祚《字汇》全集刻印本
2017-08-11 07:30:45 中国青年网
湖南日报8月10日讯(记者 戴勤 肖祖华 通讯员 袁光宇)今日上午,绥宁县瓦屋塘镇白家坊村2组村民曾文清首次对外公开展示他家世代收藏的明代梅膺祚编写的《字汇》刻印本。该书为32开本,书高26厘米,宽17.5厘米,全书分为首、子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥、尾共14册,每册页码不等,书中各集均刻有“宣城梅膺祚诞生音释”字样。
《字汇》成书于万历乙卯四十三年(1615年),属华国堂刻本,全名叫《悬金字汇》。该书对许慎所著的《说文解字》进行了重大改革,将原有的504个部首归类合并为214部,并且首创按笔画多寡排列部首和单字的方法,后来《康熙字典》的全书体例基本仿照《字汇》而成。新中国成立后所编的汉语词典、字典虽然对部首分类进行了一些调整,但基本体例仍与《字汇》大同小异。《字汇》在明朝有槐荫堂刻本、敦化堂刻本、鹿角山房刻本、金闾书业堂刻本、怀德堂刻本、文兴堂刻本等多个刻本。
“据我所知,《字汇》是研究我国字典发展史价值很高的一本书。目前明刻本已很难见到,仅北大图书馆藏有一套比较完整的,但也缺少首卷。 ”绥宁县文物局副局长黄源栋介绍。
今年48岁的曾文清坦言,他家世代收藏的华国堂刻本《字汇》流传至今,原有的14册已只剩9册,后来他历经数十年时间苦苦搜寻,才陆续把遗失的首卷、子集、未集、亥集、尾卷等5册收集完整。此5册补充的册子被称为“百衲本”,分别来自槐荫堂刻本、敦化堂刻本等不同刻本。
黄源栋等有关专家指出,绥宁县发现《字汇》古代刻印本实属罕见,说明绥宁虽然地处偏僻,但从古至今尚文底蕴深厚。他们同时指出,曾文清所收藏的《字汇》究竟是明代刻印本还是清代刻印本,还有待专家进一步论证。
目前,绥宁县文物管理部门正依照我国文物管理有关规定,将发现《字汇》古代刻印本一事上报上级有关部门。
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