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地铁老线不断冲出新速度

2017-08-11 04:14:04   中国青年网

本报记者 刘冕

“原来要多等一趟车才能走,现在一趟车我就颠儿了,感觉不错。”每天乘坐地铁昌平线的李女士本周有了新体验——车来得快了,等车时间比以前少了。

本周,和昌平线一起“提速”的北京地铁还有3条线路,分别是地铁15号线、房山线和6号线。

在过去的10年间,北京地铁类似的“提速”已接近百次,既有运营线路不断刷新着最快。如今,中心城区线路高峰期大部分实现了两分钟一趟。这种“车尾刚走,车头就进”的现象,正逐步往客流密集的郊区线路蔓延。

科技助力首轮提速

如果将2007年5月至今的每一次地铁老线缩短发车间隔都列出来,1号线的“提速”次数最多,足有10次,列车从最初的3分钟一趟,变成如今的2分钟一趟。

这一次次的提速,最大的功臣是这条线路信号系统的升级。地铁运营过程中,这套系统堪称大脑,需要24小时高速运转。即使是夜间停运后,信号系统也不能关闭,因为检修、维护部门仍然在轨道上作业。当然,和所有设备一样,信号系统也存在使用寿命,一般是15年到20年。2015年,1号线信号系统在接近寿命极值时升级。

这场投资十四五亿元的“开颅手术”成功后,1号线发车间隔跑入2分钟,掉头速度提高三成,列车驾驶模式进入“智能版”,可以减少猛提速急刹车的情况。同时,新“大脑”将保证这条中国最早的地铁线未来20年的稳定安全运营。

最近10年,尤其是近些年,类似科技助力北京地铁“加速跑”的例子还有不少。比如通过技术手段等压缩折返时间、列车停车实现自动化等,地铁人在细节中抠出一分一秒,减少乘客候车时间。

细化流程再提速

这10年,年年有新线加入运营网,北京地铁的整体“素质”提高了,线路本身具备了跑得更快的条件。此时,争分夺秒的主角变成了人。有些车站抵达端头站后,清车时间只有十秒左右。

“原来早高峰列车间隔是5分05秒,现在缩到4分45秒,听上去就20秒,但站台压力倍增。因为要趁着前车未进站之前,把上一趟列车换乘乘客疏导走。”西二旗站就是昌平线的端头站,也是其与13号线的换乘站。缩短发车间隔首日6时,车站内人潮还未至,党团员带头,25名西二旗站加班员工已到岗,和文明引导员、保安等一起分布在站台、扶梯等重点部位。

一位站务员说:“整体比较顺畅,但是仍要不时提醒乘客‘抬头’,不要看手机,顺着人流往前走。因为一个人慢一下,后边可能就会堵一片,甚至影响下一列车的乘客换乘。”一位站务员说,“从清车的步速可以看出来,最开始可以走,后来变成大步走,如今一溜小跑才可以。”

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