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科研人员揭示蝎子蜇伤疼痛原因
2017-08-10 10:03:37 中国青年网
本报讯(记者 季征) 近日,中国科学院昆明动物研究所赖仞教授、杨仕隆博士与相关研究团队开展合作研究,揭示了蝎子蜇伤产生剧烈疼痛这一现象背后的分子机制。
产毒动物利用其毒液来武装自己并高效完成捕食、防御、种间竞争等生物学行为。其中,蝎子蜇伤产生难以忍受的剧烈疼痛给人类带来巨大痛苦,但由于造成这种剧烈疼痛的分子机制尚未被揭示,妨碍了临床上对蝎子蜇伤的治疗。
研究人员发现蝎毒中存在一种由29个氨基酸组成名为BmP01的神经毒素多肽,能够激活辣椒素受体TRPV1,使被蜇伤者产生快速并且剧烈的痛觉反应,但与辣椒素不同,这一神经毒素多肽激活TRPV1还依赖蝎毒中存在的氢离子。通过对蝎毒弱酸性存在价值的进一步研究表明,在蝎毒的弱酸环境下,神经毒素多肽激活TRPV1的效率比在中性环境下要强两到三个数量级,从而诱导剧烈疼痛。因此,在蝎子蜇伤产生剧烈疼痛的过程中,存在着以氢离子为材料的极为低廉但却十分高效的“分子组合拳”机制,这一发现为临床上对蝎子蜇伤的治疗提供了理论基础,并为镇痛药物的研发提供了靶点。
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