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这六张地震应急图能起大作用

2017-08-10 08:28:42   

8月8日九寨沟县地震发生后,不到两个小时,位于哈尔滨的中国地震局工程力学研究所立即启动地震应急处置,快速推出了六张重要的地震应急图件:包括地震烈度预估图、震区人口分布图、震区交通分布图、震区学校分布图、震区医院分布图、震区水库分布图。

“地震破坏大概是怎样分布的?地震破坏的区域面积有多大?哪块区域破坏严重?哪块区域破坏相对轻一些?我们会把严重区域划进一个圈里,圈之外的地震破坏就比较轻一些,去地震现场实地考察灾情的人员在划圈之外的地方就不用再倾注更多精力了。”8月9日,中国地震局工程力学研究所所长、国际救援专家孙柏涛通过电话连线向科技日报记者科普了这些图件的作用。

据孙柏涛介绍,地震发生后,岩石错动产生的能量以地震波的形式向外传播,依据布设在全国的测震台站记录到的地面运动,位于北京的中国地震台网中心会在2分钟左右自动产出地震三要素信息,包括震源位置、震级大小和发震时刻。但这只能比较宏观的估计其产生的破坏和影响程度,后续中国地震局下属各单位会产出各类应急产品,如震源机制解、余震分布图、地震动强度预测图、震源破裂过程等,以进一步支撑地震应急。

作为中国地震局强震动观测的牵头单位,工程力学研究所承担着全国强震动台站记录汇集和处理任务,震后负责提供仪器地震烈度分布图、地震动加速度峰值和速度峰值分布图等反应不同地区地震强弱程度的产品来支撑地震应急。

“强震动观测数据在应急处理以及快速产出评估图时发挥了很大的作用。以往没有这些数据,需要我们去现场测量观察,这些图至少要几天后推出。现在有了实时传回的数据和灾害评估模型,能快速推出各类应急专题图件,就为救援提供了科学参考。”正在去往九寨沟地震现场途中的中国地震局工程力学研究所科研人员陈相兆向记者解释道。

(科技日报哈尔滨8月9日电)

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