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传统封闭式基金谢幕

2017-08-10 08:14:57   

7月26日在上海证券交易所结束交易后,我国基金市场上最后一只传统封闭式基金——银河基金管理有限公司旗下的基金银丰产品结束了封闭期为15年的交易,这也标志着传统封闭式基金彻底退出历史舞台。基金银丰退市后将更名为银河研究精选混合型基金。截至7月26日,该基金累计收益率达372%。

“之所以叫传统封闭式基金,是因为与现代开放式基金相比,传统封基在资产管理规模、交易方式、申赎手段、净值变化等方面仍遵循传统甚至固化的方式。例如,传统封闭式基金在发行前已确定规模,在发行完毕后和规定的期限内,基金规模固定不变。”格上财富研究中心研究员杨晓晴说。

传统封闭型基金在我国基金发展史上具有重要价值。1998年3月,基金开元、基金金泰发行,成为我国最先发行的公开募集证券投资基金品类。在随后3年左右时间内,国内共成立54只传统封闭式基金。

在首批传统封闭式基金上市之初,部分初涉基金业的投资者将其当作新股抢购,认购期间冻结资金较大。1998年4月7日,基金金泰和基金开元分别在沪深交易所上市,发行价为1.01元的基金金泰开盘即飙升至1.45元,最终收于1.41元,上涨39.6%;同一发行价的基金开元以1.36元收盘,上涨34.65%。在接下来的时间里,基金金泰连续涨停,累计涨幅高达141%。此后,基金兴华、基金安信、基金裕阳等一批传统封闭式基金如雨后春笋般出现。

但好景不长,自2001年起,随着A股市场行情遇冷,传统封闭式基金发行开始陷入困境,封闭式基金从初期的投机性溢价交易转为大幅折价交易,灵活交易机制的缺失,也让封闭式基金这一新品种发展3年便开始走下坡路。

“根本原因还是传统封基自身的缺陷导致。”杨晓晴认为,传统封基有几方面特点:一是由于存续期过长又不能提前赎回,导致传统封闭基金市场的流动性不足;二是传统封基规模固定不变,基金成立后在一定时期内不再接受新投资,缺乏现代开放式基金资管规模的灵活性和可操作性;三是从投资者角度来说,封闭式基金不能随时申购和赎回,只能在二级市场交易,而且大多数情况是折价交易,制约了投资积极性。

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