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英国扬言或派航母巡航南海的背后玄机

2017-08-10 07:08:25   中国青年网

7月27日,英国国防大臣迈克尔·法伦声称,英国计划明年向南海地区派遣航母进行巡航,以增强英国的海上地位。英国外交大臣鲍里斯·约翰逊也表示,“我们刚刚建造的两艘新的巨型航母首先要做的事情之一,就是派它们到这一地区展开航行自由行动。”

这已经不是第一次有英国高官表示要派航母到亚太地区巡航了。2016年12月1日,英国驻美大使金·达罗克在华盛顿的一个智库交流活动中说,正在日本访问的英国战机将飞越南海,维护南海“航行自由”。英国在建的航母2020年投入使用后也会在太平洋巡航。

作为美欧“跨大西洋联盟”关系的核心支点国家,英国追随美国重返亚太的脚步并不奇怪。虽然在历史上曾经深耕印太地区,但作为早已褪色的老牌帝国,英国近年来在全球的影响力日渐式微也是不争的事实。随着“脱欧”公投效应的持续发酵,英国在欧洲政治舞台的存在感也在迅速下降。在这种背景下,英国急欲重塑其大国影响力。现在看来,内忧外患的英国战略决策层,将提振大国影响力的新支点选在了亚太地区。

在2014年发布的《英国国家海洋安全战略报告》中,英国强调其在亚太地区有着“重要政治和经济利益”。在东北亚,英国绕不开两个主要国家,一个是经济体量和发展活力引人注目的中国,一个是同属西方“自由世界”、同为美国核心盟友的日本。

近年来,英国同日本的安全与防务合作持续升温。2015年1月,英日建立了“2+2”外交和防务磋商机制。2016年10月,英国空军派出由“台风”战斗机和空中加油机、运输机组成的编队,赴日本与自卫队举行首次联合训练,之后又参加了美韩联合军演,成为首个参加朝鲜半岛军演的欧洲国家。

2017年1月26日,英日两国正式签署《相互提供物资与劳务协定(ACSA)》。今后英日两国可在军事行动中互相提供食品、燃料和弹药,尤其是在可能威胁日本安全的“重要影响事态”上,英国将为其提供后方支援。

在南太平洋,英国正在利用昔日的宗主国关系,复活“日不落帝国”的同盟体系。近年来,英国开始重提1971年与澳大利亚、马来西亚、新西兰以及新加坡签订的《五国国防协定》的重要性。2015年,时任英国外交大臣哈蒙德就强调,“签订了该协议就意味着英国随时准备着动员和支持亚太各同盟以及伙伴”。

英国欲派航母支持“航行自由”的背后,还有着提振本国经济的动机。随着近年来东南亚国家和澳大利亚不断加大军备投入,与南海问题相关的军备竞赛已经拉开帷幕。法国近些年在亚太防务市场收获颇丰,先后拿下澳大利亚12艘“梭鱼”级常规动力潜艇和印度36架“阵风”战斗机的防务大单。

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