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中国文化精神的探寻
2017-08-10 05:33:45 中国青年网
杨义作品
杨义作品
杨义作品
【著书者说】
自己遴选代表作,还要讲究什么优中选优,无异于对自己几十年间歪歪扭扭的学术历程,来一次回过头来捡脚印。真的有点儿像一首叫《脚印》的歌所唱的:“漫步走在这小路上,脚印留下了一串串:有的直有的弯,有的深有的浅。朋友啊想想看,道路该怎样走。”开始捡脚印的时候,我面对自己五年一转、十年一换的歪歪扭扭的学术轨迹,感到很难用一句话把它说尽,于是就起了一个书名“学海鲲鹏九万里”,取义于《庄子·逍遥游》:“北冥有鱼,其名为鲲。鲲之大,不知其几千里也。化而为鸟,其名为鹏。鹏之背,不知其几千里也。怒而飞,其翼若垂天之云。是鸟也,海运则将徙于南冥。南冥者,天池也。《齐谐》者,志怪者也。《谐》之言曰:鹏之徙于南冥也,水击三千里,抟扶摇而上者九万里,去以六月息者也。”扶摇者,旋风也,就是像旋风那样扭扭曲曲往上窜。
一
应该说,如此抟扶摇而上者九万里的学术历程,蕴含着我对中国文化精神的核心内涵和深在意义的“路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索”的不息追寻。岁月茫茫,还是在1973年,我就在北京西南远郊周口店猿人老祖宗洞穴附近的山沟工厂里,通读过鹿皮烫金精装的十卷本《鲁迅全集》。到了1978年读研究生期间,我开始以鲁迅研究作为自己学术出发的第一驿站,直至把鲁迅作为一个“庞大的斯芬克斯”进行解读,从他那以精深的中国文化素养,融合西方文化的现代性要素,在小说、杂文、散文诗中探寻如何创造一种自立于世界民族之林的合金式的第三种文明。其后,我又展开了中国现代小说史、古典小说史论、中国叙事学方面的探究。在这些研究引起广泛关注的时候,我又觉得研究中国文学只研究小说叙事,还不能直击核心意蕴,于是涉足诗文,也就有了楚辞诗学、李杜诗学,以及《史记》、桐城文派的内在精神脉络的透视。当我在1998—2009年出任中国社会科学院文学研究所、少数民族文学研究所所长之时,我就把少数民族文学文化,包括《蒙古秘史》《格萨尔王传》、虎图腾、蚩尤文化等等,纳入研究视野,提出“边缘的活力”的理念和“重绘中国文学地图”的构想。这就使我的研究思路伸展到中华民族文化共同体的广阔时空领域,看取华夏民族和诸多古民族、少数民族是如何共同创造这个源远流长的东方文明的。
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