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科学家首次实现活体内细胞重组 受损器官可再生

2017-08-10 02:02:35   国际在线

科技日报纽约8月8日电(记者冯卫东)最新一期《自然·纳米技术》报道了再生医学的重大突破,美国俄亥俄州立大学研究人员开发出一种组织纳米转染(TNT)新技术,首次实现活体内细胞重组,有望在身体内生成任何用于治疗目的的细胞类型,帮助修复受损组织或恢复老化的器官、血管及神经细胞等组织。

俄亥俄州立大学再生医学和细胞疗法中心主任钱丹·塞恩博士表示,通过这种新型纳米芯片技术,受伤或受损的器官都可实现再生。研究证明,皮肤是一片沃土,在那里任何正在老化的器官都能得以重生。

与以往的再生技术不同的是,TNT技术是一种在单细胞水平上良性的、瞬时的和剂量可控的重组因子(预编程的DNA或RNA)交付方法,其可通过一个使用纳米技术的器件对细胞进行重新编程。其工作方式为:首先对皮肤表面进行光电刺激,然后将一个硬币大小的芯片放在皮肤上。在不到一秒的时间内,芯片会将重组因子通过高强度的聚焦电场以非侵入方式交付到成活皮肤细胞中,最终将皮肤细胞转化成任何想要的细胞类型。

对小鼠和猪开展的实验表明,研究人员能够重新编程皮肤细胞,使其成为缺乏血液流动的伤腿中的血管细胞。在一周之内,活跃的血管开始出现在伤腿中,三周后伤势开始好转。实验室测试也显示,利用该技术将活体的皮肤细胞重新编程为神经细胞,注射入脑损伤小鼠,可助其从中风中康复。

研究人员表示,TNT技术的突破在于首次实现了细胞在活体内的重组,不像引入病毒等细胞疗法那样具有高风险,而且患者不用去实验室或医院,在任何地方就可进行现场操作。

总编辑圈点

皮肤细胞可以被诱导成为类似干细胞的多能细胞,进而分化成其他身体组织细胞,已经不是新鲜事了。但大多数的诱导过程,都是在实验室的培养皿中进行,即便能在手臂上种出耳朵,也还需要再挪一下不是?TNT新技术不需移植或侵入式操作,就能修复受损部位,不禁让人联想,未来人们可以拿着TNT创可贴,哪儿不舒服直接贴上去。有点科幻?不,迅猛发展的生命科学告诉我们,未来已来。

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