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俄专家:中俄两国在军用运输机领域不存在竞争

2017-08-09 10:10:48   国际在线

【环球网军事8月9日报道】俄罗斯卫星网8月4日刊发卫星通讯社采访俄罗斯军事专家瓦西里·卡申的文章《中俄两国在军用运输机领域没有竞争》称,有人指出,俄罗斯“不同意向中国出售”运输机生产技术,甚至此前还曾向乌克兰施压,不让基辅把此类技术卖给中国。但最终中国还是在乌克兰成功拿到必要的技术和材料。对此,瓦西里·卡申表示,俄罗斯其实并未拒绝向中国提供与运输机相关的技术。

文章称,苏联解体后,运输机主要组装厂留在了俄罗斯境外。比如,伊尔-76归属塔什干契卡洛夫飞机厂,军事运输机主要设计单位安东诺夫设计局留在了乌克兰。此外,大多数生产“安”系列飞机的工厂(基辅和哈尔科夫)和极为重要的发动机制造企业“马达西奇”公司也归属乌克兰。俄罗斯仅存生产安-124的乌里扬诺夫航空工业综合体。但这家企业的业务也取决于和乌克兰企业、安东诺夫设计局以及“马达西奇”公司的合作。实际上,在长达20多年时间里,俄罗斯并没有独立的军事运输机生产企业。可以看出,俄罗斯自己没有,何谈“拒绝”中国?

文章称,有关安东诺夫,这家企业在上世纪90年代时就已经与中国展开全面的合作。合作的主要障碍在于中方资金不足以及那时中国航空工业水平不够,即使并非特别复杂的机型,生产起来也并不那么简单。因此,中乌合作以运-8升级和在运-9基础上研制中型和特种飞机的决策是完全正确的。下一个合作阶段,是联合研制中型运输机。此后,类似安-124、安-225那样的超重型飞机技术转让合作才有了实际意义。

文章称,俄罗斯启动伊尔-76重型飞机生产后,开始推动本国载重20吨中型伊尔-214和伊尔-112轻型机项目。目前,还在考虑安-124运输机的本土化生产问题。此类机型命名为“大象”。很难说,这些项目的前景如何。比如,俄罗斯空军现有安-124的数量,不久前还相当过剩,而且这些飞机还有相当多的航运里程储备。但是,叙利亚战事可能改变原有定势,要知道,这种机型在战事保障方面起到相当重要的作用。

文章称,中俄两国运输机生产领域状况类似。上世纪90年代,两国境内基本不生产此类机型,或者产量不多。此外,还需明白的是,世界类似伊尔-76、尤其是安-124那样的重型运输机市场极其有限。

文章称,拥有庞大军队的国家才对这些飞机有需求。对大多数国家来说,使用载重量20吨的中型飞机就足够了。而民用航空运输企业,更倾向于使用改造的客机来运送货物。其结果是,中俄重型飞机在第三国市场的竞争是极为有限的。两国发展这些项目,仅是为了满足自己的需求。

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