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给无人机立规矩(环球走笔)

2017-08-09 07:40:10   中国青年网

英国政府日前宣布拟推出新规,要求无人机操作员必须“实名注册”,还要参加类似驾驶理论考试的安全意识测试,试图借问责制从源头强化管理,规范无人机使用。

被喻为“上帝之眼”的无人机不仅在军事、工业勘测、商业配送等领域功用丰富,在民用领域也越来越受到青睐。据统计,2017年全球无人机的产量将接近300万架,比2016年增长39%,市值超过60亿美元。然而在技术和市场迅速发展的同时,安全隐忧也在不断增加。

上个月,一架无人机出现在英国伦敦盖特威克机场跑道上,导致数十架飞机无法降落,机场也短暂关闭。而从无人机面世至今,全球各地不断有其干扰民航客机,造成后者延误、迫降、甚至返航等情况。同时,无人机可能带来的对私人领域的侵犯、个人隐私的窥视也引发担忧。各国政府因此不断规划实施对无人机的管理,不过,宽严幅度则相距甚远。

在法国,一名少年因使用无人机拍摄城市全景即被起诉,理由是可能造成对他人的危害。根据法国目前颁发的法规,除机场、军事区等敏感地区禁用民用无人机,城市及周边地区,包括公路、公园、沙滩等公共场所上空同样禁用无人机。即使是私人区域,未经允许也不得随意对他人及其所有物进行拍摄,更不得以商业目的进行传播。在澳大利亚、新西兰,类似严格的举措也在施行。

相比之下,爱尔兰等国家的管理措施相对宽松,爱尔兰仅要求重量在1000克以上的无人机进行登记。英国交通部的研究也显示,400克以上的无人机就有可能对商用飞机的驾驶舱玻璃造成损伤。

毋庸置疑,维护公共及私人安全领域不受市场盲目逐利的侵害,乃是监管的第一大功能。但是,采取合适的力度使之不损害行业发展前景、打击研发的积极性也是判断监管是否适当的重要标准,像英国运输部官员马丁·卡拉南所指出的,“要试图通过无人机新规优先保护公众,同时最大程度发挥无人机的潜力”。去年底,在美国的监管严规拒绝亚马逊公司测试无人机送货之后,英国作为在“全新的自动化技术方面全球最为积极的国家之一”,欣然接受了亚马逊的测试请求,而且亚马逊也只是在英国测试类似产品的“众多大公司之一”。

以互联网为代表的新兴产业在发展中新的业态不断涌现,特别是移动互联网、物联网、云计算、大数据为代表的新一代信息技术还带来商业模式、服务模式的更新与比拼。对新生事物的发展要有更多的包容、更加鼓励和支持,而有效的监管一方面应该成为引导规范新兴行业发展的利器,另一方面则应成为帮助平衡其商业潜力与人们安全需求之间的天平。

完善的监管方案本身也是一种宝贵的“发明”,其价值终会在时间的检验中得以呈现。

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