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美军“鱼鹰”为何成“麻烦制造者”

2017-08-08 13:13:52   

但近些年来,这款运输机事故频发,成为美军一直难以克服的难题。今年4月,美国海军陆战队方面曾透露,“鱼鹰”运输机最近5年的重大(A级)事故率是每10万小时飞行时间约3.44件,明显超过同一时期海军陆战队飞机的平均事故率。

资深军事评论员马尧认为,“鱼鹰”兼容了直升机和固定翼螺旋桨飞机的优点,但也带来技术整合方面的困难。比如直升机的旋翼和固定翼飞机的螺旋桨,在转数、直径、桨叶角等多个方面存在差异,现在让一套系统兼顾两种功能,必须要做出一些牺牲,也会带来安全隐患。

此外,大量使用新技术导致“鱼鹰”在可靠性方面有所欠缺。马尧介绍,该机机体结构采用了近60%的复合材料,装有3套三余度电传操纵驾驶系统,在以直升机方式飞行时,操纵系统可改变旋翼上升力的大小和旋翼拉力倾斜的方向,以便使飞机保持或改变飞行状态;在以固定翼方式飞行时,上单翼后缘的两对副翼可保证飞机的横向操纵。两台发动机由变速控制器相连,当一台发动机转速下降到熄火时,另一台发动机便通过变速控制器转换成带动两副螺旋桨的工作状态……这些新技术不少都是首次使用,难免会有安全隐患。

此外,对于习惯了驾驶直升机或固定翼飞机的飞行员来说,改飞“鱼鹰”难免不适应,这也是该型机事故频发的原因之一。而“鱼鹰”运载量大,通常在24人以上,一旦发生坠机事故,往往伤亡惨重。

有业内人士指出,鉴于过高的事故率和伤亡率,“鱼鹰”今后命运难以预测,不排除提前退役的可能性。

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