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不“高”的高温津贴需缴个税引争议

2017-08-08 08:52:09   中国青年网

本报讯(记者杨学义)近日来,全国大多数地区烈日炎炎,高温天气里,有税务部门在网站上明确回应高温津贴应缴纳个人所得税引发了很高的网络争议。有劳动者反映,“高温津贴本就不‘高’,还要征缴个税,到手的钱又‘蒸发’了一部分。”

记者了解到,高温津贴需缴纳个税确实存在于相关法规中。国家统计局1990年发布的《关于工资总额组成的规定》中明确将“津贴”列入工资总额范围,此后,《<关于工资总额组成的规定>若干具体范围的解释》中进一步明确,“津贴”中包含“高温作业临时补贴”。2012年6月,安监总局等4部委印发《防暑降温措施管理办法》,其中明确规定高温天气下,用人单位应当向劳动者发放高温津贴,并纳入工资总额。

而据《个人所得税法实施条例》规定,工资要依法缴纳个人所得税。

上海市汇业律师事务所合伙人洪桂彬律师分析,将高温津贴纳入工资总额,与现实中一些企业不支付高温津贴有关,此举意在强化用人单位支付高温津贴的义务。据记者统计,截至目前,全国31个省、区、市中已经有28个地区对高温津贴的标准作出明确规定。

“高温津贴应该是企业对高温环境下工作职工的一种补偿才对,怎么还需要缴税让补贴打折扣呢?”不少劳动者提出,高温津贴钱本来就不多,即使是经济发达的广东省,高温津贴的标准为:室外作业和高温作业人员每人每月150元,高温津贴在每年6~10月发放。记者查询了解到,全国各地高温津贴普遍在200元/月以下,扣除个税后,本就不高的津贴将进一步“缩水”。

不过,51社保网CEO余清泉告诉记者,《管理办法》对高温津贴是否缴纳个税并无直接、明确说法,现行法律法规对“工资”的定义也不统一,这给了某些地方一定的发挥空间。

记者注意到,少数省份将高温津贴列为税前扣除。江苏《关于企业夏季高温津贴标准的通知》规定,企业按照标准支付高温津贴,可按照规定税前扣除。广西《关于发布企业高温津贴标准的通知》将高温津贴准予税前扣除。

不过,更多地区还是将高温津贴纳入工资总额,并缴纳个税。洪桂彬建议,为了更好地关怀劳动者,也可参考2011年上海的规定,将高温津贴列入“劳动保护的各项支出”,这样则不计入工资总额不扣个税。

洪桂彬注意到,目前至少有21项收入免交个人所得税,“上市公司股票转让所得免征个税,劳动者在高温天气里劳动所获的津贴是否也可以免税?这样让个税的调节作用发挥得更好、更公平一些。

余清泉认为,高温津贴更多是面向户外劳动者和低收入群体,高温津贴免征个税,能让政策的善意关怀更好惠及高温下坚守的劳动者。

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