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防治脂肪肝减肥戒酒 控制血压血糖是关键

2017-08-08 05:32:58   中国青年网

《中国脂肪肝防治指南》显示,我国成人脂肪肝患病率达12.5%~35.4%,脂肪肝已成为我国第一大肝脏疾病。看一眼脂肪肝的发展过程,你就会知道它的严重性:单纯性脂肪肝→脂肪性肝炎→肝纤维化→肝硬化→肝癌。为进一步详尽地了解脂肪肝,记者采访了大连市第六人民医院肝病科主任医师张影。

脂肪肝防治难度较大

脂肪肝分为酒精性肝病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病。单纯的酒精性肝病表现为营养不良所导致的肝损害,一般发生在低收入群体和弱势群体中,这部分人群主要为空腹饮酒,热量摄入不足,而我国大部分人群一般在正餐内饮酒,因此,单纯的酒精性肝病在我国发病率并不高,非酒精性脂肪性肝病是指大量脂肪蓄积于肝脏中引发的病变,常伴有高脂血症、2型糖尿病、高血压等慢性疾病,是一种以肝脏脂肪浸润为表现的全身性疾病,分为大泡型、小泡型和混合型三种类型。

近年来脂肪肝的发病率不断升高达到5%~24%,一是生活方式的改变,随着饮食及生活方式的改变导致肥胖引起的相关疾病;二是因为我国特殊的饮酒文化,我国是传统的酒业大国,白酒、啤酒、红酒3种酒的消费目前都居世界第一,大量饮酒无疑增加了脂肪肝的防治难度。脂肪肝是继病毒性肝炎之后下一个全世界的流行,在未来的5到10年内,会给整个肝病学科带来巨大的挑战,已经越来越引起医生的重视。由于种族和基因的差异,东西方之间脂肪肝的发生率是不同的,我国脂肪肝合并代谢综合征的比例远高于西方人群,特别是我国大量病毒性肝炎患者合并脂肪肝,所以采取的防治措施和手段也和西方国家有所不同。

脂肪肝有啥症状

肝脏是一个沉默的器官,患上脂肪肝通常是没有自觉症状的,但随着患病年数的增长可能会出现一些不适症状,如会感到右上腹不适、全身倦怠、食欲减低、恶心、呕吐、腹胀等,也可能因为肝部肿胀而有压痛感,少数人可能会伴随黄疸与腹水的症状。又因为脂肪肝患者往往还是肥胖者,一般还会有并发的反流性食管炎及胃炎。

脂肪肝是一个全身性疾病,不能以单纯的肝病防治的方法来治疗,它可以引起高血压、冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、高血糖、高胰岛素血症以及高尿酸血症等慢性病的产生,这些因素和脂肪肝一起促进了肝脏疾病进展。

如何检测脂肪肝

脂肪肝的检测主要是在常规的体检中发现,“指南”要求在肝功能检查当中如果出现谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶和谷氨酰转肽酶持续升高半年以上,除去常见的肝病之外就要考虑存在脂肪肝的可能,同时,进行一个简单的超声检查可以清楚地看到肝脏的脂肪变性。对于脂肪肝,还应该进行肝脏瞬时弹性超声中可衰减参数CAP值测定。医生建议,在常规进行肝功和超声检查时应进行CAP的检测,以彻底评估脂肪肝患者心血管疾病和代谢综合征发生的整体风险。

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