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麻辣财经:降成本,1.4万家企业感受如何?

2017-08-07 14:33:35   中国青年网

日前,中国财政科学研究院举行研讨会,发布了2017“降成本”调研成果,这是去年以来,国内研究机构进行的最广泛深入的一项调查。

从调研情况看,国务院降成本工作部署及地方政府结合自身实际推出降成本“组合拳”,在各级政府的积极作为下,企业税费、融资、人工、用能用地、物流等六大成本上升均得到不同程度的缓解,为应对经济下行压力、保持经济较快增长、促进企业转型升级等发挥了重要作用。

“六大成本上涨的压力得到了缓解,国家出台阶段性降成本措施,基本上都落实了。其中,减税降费的效果是最为明显,政府转变职能、放管服降成本的效果,也在逐步释放。”中国财政科学研究院院长刘尚希表示,国家关于降成本政策措施是必要的,从实际情况来看也是有成效的,这是我们的一个基本观点。但着眼于长期性的降成本机制,仍需进一步探索。

企业成本水涨船高,降成本如“逆水行舟”

在当前经济下行压力始终较大的情况下,企业降成本任务依然繁重,进一步降低实体经济企业成本依然是大多数企业的诉求。

调查显示,80.4%的企业认为需继续降低企业税费负担,52.7%的企业认为需进一步降低企业融资成本, 44.7%的企业认为需进一步降低企业人工成本,41.6%的企业认为需继续降低企业用能用地成本,40.9%的企业认为需进一步降低物流成本。

从调查问卷的数据情况看,实体经济的原材料、用能用地及人工成本,仍处于上涨通道中。

——原材料成本近年来上升较快。剔除金融企业和房地产企业,2016年全国实体经济企业原材料成本,同比上升了7.21%。

——用地及房租成本持续上涨。2016年全国实体经济企业(剔除了房地产开发和建筑施工企业)用地及房租成本同比上升了9.7%。

——用能成本有所上升但幅度不大。从全国样本数据来看,2016年全国实体经济企业的用电成本1539.61亿元,同比2015年仅仅增长了2.91%。其中,东北地区的用电成本则出现了较大幅度的下降,比2015年下降了17.55%。

——用工成本依然刚性上升。从全国数据来看,2016年全国实体经济企业用工成本同比增长了6.84%。

——物流成本呈上升态势。 2014-2016年,全国企业物流成本占营业成本比重增速为4.9%,物流成本占总成本比重增速为3%。

这表明,随着经济的高速增长,我国人口红利逐步丧失、环境资源约束开始加重,能源供需矛盾突出,节能减排压力加大,各类要素成本都已经提高。数据显示,从1995年到2015年,全国年均工资的增长率是13%; 2000年到2015年期间,环境污染治理投资的年均增长率是15.5%;2005年的一季度到2017年一季度,全国主要城市地价的年均增速是10.2%。这些成本的增长,远远快于经济增速。

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