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肝炎妈妈可以母乳喂养吗?

2017-08-07 09:08:06   中国青年网

母乳是婴儿天然的不可替代的营养品,母乳喂养不仅对婴儿有利,对于母亲也有很多好处。但是,母乳喂养却一直困扰着患有肝炎的年轻妈妈们。

我国是乙肝大国,有数据显示,我国乙肝病毒携带率为7.18%,育龄妇女中乙肝病毒的携带率为8.16%,我国乙肝病毒携带者当中有30%-50%来源于母婴传播,这使得很多患乙肝的产妇想母乳哺育自己的宝宝却顾虑重重。正是由于没有采取母乳喂养,导致了宝贝肠道菌群建立延迟,身体免疫系统不够强大,过敏的发生率高;母亲也因为没有哺乳而增加了乳腺疾病的患病率。

其实,乳汁中的病毒含量较血液中的病毒含量要低很多,母乳本身也具有抗病毒活性。目前,我国免费给携带乙肝病毒产妇分娩的宝宝,在出生24小时内接种乙肝疫苗、12小时内注射乙肝免疫球蛋白,已将乙肝免疫球蛋白纳入计划免疫管理。乙肝免疫球蛋白进入血液中可以立即中和进入机体的乙肝表面抗原,使肝细胞不被乙肝病毒所感染。因此,出生后接受乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白联合免疫的孩子,接受母乳喂养是安全的!这给很多携带乙肝病毒的产妇带来了福音,母乳喂养已不是携带乙肝病毒产妇的禁区了。

妈妈是乙型肝炎患者的母乳喂养:

1.单纯携带者(乙肝表面抗原阳性):新生儿在出生24小时内接种乙肝疫苗、12小时内注射乙肝免疫球蛋白,可以母乳喂养。

2.小三阳(乙肝表面抗原、E抗体、核心抗体均为阳性):孕妇孕期监测乙肝病毒基因的病毒复制量,如病毒量很低,或没有病毒复制,出生后注射乙肝疫苗后,可进行母乳喂养。

3.乙肝病毒基因阳性或大三阳(乙肝表面抗原、E抗原、核心抗体均为阳性):特别是肝功能异常者,提示病毒复制处于活动期,母乳的传染性大。新生儿出生后于0.1.6(即:第一次、1月后第二次、6月后第三次)注射乙肝疫苗,出生后14天注射乙肝免疫球蛋白,可以母乳喂养。

乙肝妈妈进行哺乳喂养时注意事项:

喂奶前后洗手;母亲乳头皲裂或婴儿口腔有溃疡,均应暂停母乳喂养;孩子和母亲用品隔离;有条件可定期对婴儿进行乙肝抗原抗体监测。

妈妈是丙型肝炎患者的母乳喂养:

母乳喂养和非母乳喂养在丙肝垂直传播上不存在差异。母亲丙肝不是母乳喂养的禁忌症,原则上均可进行母乳喂养,但母亲乳头皲裂或婴儿口腔有溃疡,均应暂停母乳喂养。

妈妈是甲型肝炎患者的母乳喂养:

甲型肝炎是经粪——口传播的,母亲在急性期应隔离,暂停母乳喂养,挤奶保持泌乳。婴儿接种免疫球蛋白,隔离期过后可母乳喂养,并可从母乳中获得免疫抗体。

西北妇女儿童医院产三科 董晋 吉婷

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