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党报:贸易失衡症结不在中国 贸易战不应成中美之选

2017-08-07 07:33:56   央广网

近日,一则从美国媒体传出的消息开始在全球范围“蔓延”:美国政府计划采用“301条款”对中国知识产权保护以及不公平贸易采取一些措施。受此影响,国际社会关于美国可能发起贸易战的担忧持续升温。那么,中美会否开打贸易战?一旦爆发贸易战影响几何?专家指出,无论如何,贸易战都不应成为中美的选择。事实上,一旦美国单方面发起贸易战,中国就不可避免地会根据具体情况作出回应,而这很可能会在全球范围内形成多米诺骨牌效应。届时,不仅中美两国经贸深受其害,全球经济也将遭殃。

贸易失衡症结不在中国

关于中美贸易,逆差问题一直是美方关注的焦点。“特朗普对包括中国在内的几乎所有贸易伙伴的重点诉求之一就是要削减美国的逆差,追求贸易平衡。但应看到,美国对中国贸易逆差其实不是中国对于增加美国进口不积极,客观上讲,问题的症结不在于中国,而在于美国。它是全球价值链和供应链的问题,而特朗普还是国与国之间要平衡的19世纪思想。”中国与全球化智库高级研究员何伟文说。

中国现代国际关系研究院研究员陈凤英对本报记者分析指出,考量中美贸易失衡问题,必须充分考虑全球化下的分工与产业发展。相较于美国,中国仍处在全球价值链的中下游,其出口到美国的产品,有很多是日本、韩国甚至是美国的投入品到中国加工以后再返销到美国的,如果剔除这些,中美贸易逆差大概将减少一半。此外,由于中美统计的差异,美方统计对华的贸易逆差扩大了很多。而且,当前所说的中美贸易逆差数额中,并没有考虑美国对中国服务贸易的大量顺差。

“事实上,美国不仅对中国出现巨额的逆差,它对全球许多经济体都有逆差。而出现逆差的根本原因,是美国的低储蓄率和高消费率造成的。”国务院发展研究中心副主任隆国强表示,此外,美方通过大量进口源自中国的低成本的劳动密集型产品,特别是消费品,应该说极大地降低了美国消费者的消费成本,且有助于美国在宏观上抑制通货膨胀。所以无论从微观层面还是宏观层面上,美方都是大大受益的。

打贸易战或将殃及全球

“解决中美贸易逆差问题,寄希望于贸易战肯定是行不通的。事实上,贸易战也不可能让美国称心如意地得到其想要的结果,因为一旦美国发起贸易战,中国将不可避免地就具体情况作出回应,到时势必会两败俱伤,这不仅会危害中美经贸关系的发展,也会给全球经济带来不可预知的负面影响。”陈凤英说。

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