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培养青少年的历史素养

2017-08-07 07:33:51   央广网

青少年为何要具备历史素养

历史是智慧的宝库。任何民族、国家的发展都必须根植于自身的历史文化传统之中。习近平总书记指出:“不忘历史才能开辟未来,善于继承才能善于创新……只有坚持从历史走向未来,从延续民族文化血脉中开拓前进,我们才能做好今天的事业。”人们总是在继承前人的基础上向前发展的。一幅幅历史画卷,一个个生动的历史人物,都在揭示历史的规律、社会的法则和为人处世的道理。

历史教育作为人文教育的载体,从古今中外的历史发展中总结出的历史智慧,能够帮助青少年感悟人与人、人与社会、人与自然和谐共处的真谛,提高人文素养。唐代史学家刘知几说:“史之为用,其利甚博,乃生人之要务,为国家之要道。”说明史学对于国民和国家的重要性。

历史教育的根本目的,是培育学生的历史素养。历史素养是历史知识和历史观的综合反映,源于对历史重要性的感悟。关于读史、知史的重要性,古今中外许多思想家、政治家都有过精辟的论述。清代著名思想家龚自珍说过,“欲知大道,必先为史”,“灭人之国,必先去其史”,章太炎有“不读史书,则无从爱其国家”的高论。这些都说明了对青少年进行历史教育,使其具备必要的历史素养的必要性。

目前历史教育的现状不容乐观,其一,历史教育的边缘化。急功近利的应试教育使丰富而系统的史学变得枯燥乏味和支离破碎,历史学科备受忽略。当历史教育变异成应试教学,历史教育的功能就不会得到发挥。其二,“戏说”历史成风。奉行“娱乐至上”的大众传媒,使历史娱乐化。一些历史题材的电影、电视和读物,常常为了观赏性、可读性而曲解史实,有的则“戏说”“恶搞”,甚至无中生有、胡编乱造,宣扬历史虚无主义等错误的历史观,丧失了历史严肃性和真实性。这些都给青少年历史素养的培育带来严峻挑战。

当今社会,各种思想文化交流交融交锋更加频繁,社会思想意识日趋活跃,社会思想文化越来越多元多样多变,互联网、手机等新兴媒体迅速发展对青少年产生越来越大影响,青少年成长社会环境更趋复杂,他们思想意识状况呈现出多样化、层次化、复杂化的特点。面对日新月异的信息社会,加强青少年历史素养的培养迫在眉睫。

党的十八大报告指出“把立德树人作为教育的根本任务”,十八届三中全会要求加强社会主义核心价值观教育,完善中华优秀传统文化教育。“历史是最好的老师”,青少年是民族的希望、祖国的未来,青少年时期是道德构建和人格形成及自我意识形成和发展的重要时期,因此,培育青少年的历史素养,是时代发展和社会前进的需求,也是青少年自身成长和全面发展的需要。

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