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为秸秆找到最佳去处
2017-08-07 07:31:51 中国青年网
我采访的山东泉林集团是一家集秸秆综合利用研发与应用、秸秆本色浆与黄腐酸有机肥生产于一体的大型企业。该企业在秸秆利用方面进行了成功探索,做到了“一草两用”,用市场的办法解决了秸秆焚烧难题。
所谓“一草两用”,一是用秸秆造纸,生产的秸秆本色浆关键指标优于阔叶木浆,实现了草浆仅可用于箱板纸等低档产品向生产文化纸、生活用纸等中高档产品的跃升;二是把造纸过程中的主要污染物提炼生产黄腐酸有机肥,已在我国4000万亩耕地上应用。据测算,一个年处理100万吨秸秆的“泉林模式”工厂,可使400万亩耕地上的秸秆免于焚烧。
越来越多的人发现,如今学生们用的文化纸没有那么白了。这要归功于泉林集团,本色文化用纸白度约70度,以秸秆纤维浆为原料开发不漂白、不增白,色泽柔和,利于保护读者视力,也改变了行业“越白越好”的倾向。这不仅为造纸工业增添了新的纸品品类,还节省了大量木材消耗。与木材制浆比较,“泉林模式”平均3吨秸秆生产1吨浆,可替代4方木材,即1650元的秸秆创造的价值相当于2400元的木材。
在泉林,秸秆木质素不再作为污染物去被动处理,而是经过一系列自主创新工艺,将其转化为高活性黄腐酸肥料。如今,黄腐酸作为底肥、追肥、叶面肥等广泛应用于多种农作物。
泉林的循环经济产业还催生了秸秆收储、运输等产业。采访中,农户告诉我,泉林将秸秆进厂价格定在每吨600元左右,远高于其他回收利用方式。以一台打捆机每年完成秸秆打捆250吨计算,村级收集点除去各项成本,每吨秸秆可获利140元,年最低可获利3.5万元。这从根本上解决了农民秸秆收储积极性的问题。
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