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水熊被认为是世界上最顽强的动物,它们在没有食物和水的情况下可能存活30年时间。目前,科学家最新分析揭晓了水熊长寿秘密在于它们的DNA。这项最新发现表明,水熊拥有特殊蛋白质,能够快速替换体内损耗的水分,并修复受损细胞,致使这种动物接近于不可毁灭状态。水熊是一种微生物,其显著特征是有能力抵御干燥环境,当几年之后再次补水仍能复活过来。
科学家在之前研究将水熊冰冻在冰层之中,暴露在放射线之下,甚至将它们发送至太空,但令人感到惊奇的是,水熊仍能复活。近期研究显示,水熊DNA兼具动物和细菌成分,使它们成为“弗兰肯斯坦”混合体。
在这项最新研究中,来自英国爱丁堡大学和日本庆应大学的研究人员仔细研究了两种水熊物种的DNA代码,水熊体长不足1毫米,其体形太小,无法残留化石证据,但是使用这种最新基因组,科学家能够分析这种DNA使水熊处于动物生命树中的何种位置。
他们发现水熊混合了5种同源基因,大多数线虫失去了这5种基因。这要么是巧合,要么是进一步证据表明水熊和线虫具有密切关系。这也可能鉴别出水熊使用该基因抵御干燥产生的副作用。科学家研究了干燥过程哪些基因被激活,并发现了一组蛋白质,它们似乎能取代细胞失去的水分,这将有助于保护水熊微观结构,直至水熊再次获得水分。
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